Table 2.

The estimated average treatment effects in view of different individual mobility indexes. The values in the brackets denote the p-values of parameter $\delta$ generated by two-tailed test. In view of the radius of gyration ($R_g$) and average travel distance ($\mathit{ATD}$), the negative $\delta$ s suggest a trend in the direction that receiving the public health advertisements would reduce these two indexes, with a statistically significant difference such that the devices that received the public health (intervention group) ads had a lower travel distance than those that only received the standard ads and not the public health ads (No-Ad/control group). In contrast, the positive $\delta$ s given three stay-at-home ratios suggest that devices that received and/or clicked on advertisements (i.e., any devices in the intervention group who were sent public health ads) were trending (not significant) in the direction of being more likely to stay at home.

Treatment	Groups	${\delta }_{R_g}$	${\delta }_{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{D}}$	${\delta }_{\mathit{SA}{H}_{500}}$	${\delta }_{\mathit{SA}{H}_{1000}}$	${\delta }_{\mathit{SA}{H}_{3000}}$
Receiving	Received vs No-AD	−1.53 (0.52)	−0.85 (0.02*)	0.02 (0.38)	0.01 (0.55)	0.02 (0.30)
Clicking	Clicked vs No-AD	−3.82 (0.62)	−0.08 (0.94)	0.12 (0.19)	0.13 (0.14)	0.13 (0.13)
Clicking	Clicked vs Received	−4.03 (0.61)	−1.33 (0.46)	0.11 (0.30)	0.12 (0.21)	0.11 (0.26)

^*Significant at p <.05.