Table 1. Findings from qualitative, inductive analysis of semi-structured interviews with 16 stakeholders directly or indirectly involved with pediatric perioperative care.

Stakeholder	Needs	Design implications
Managing anesthesiologists	• To compare variation between anesthesiologists • To quantify impact of interventions	• Comparisons that account for differences in case mix • Track practice relative to outcomes over time
Practicing anesthesiologists	• To compare their practice to general distribution • Privacy • To connect practice to outcomes	• Comparisons that account for differences in case mix • Anonymization • Graph axes relating opioid-use patterns to patient outcomes
Surgeons	• To understand patient outcome patterns for nausea and vomiting	• Analysis and visualization of anti-nausea and naloxone medication patterns
Data analysts for anesthesia department	• A tool that is easy to update and maintain	• Code that is streamlined and well commented
PACU nurses	• Visualization of first-conscious pain score (FCPS) distributions	• Compare FCPS by provider

Abbreviations: FCPS, first-conscious pain score; PACU, post-anesthesia care unit.