Table 3.
Characteristics associated with hospitalization among patients in Waves 1 and 2, Uganda, 2020–2021.
| Characteristics | Wave 1 |
Wave 2 |
Wave 1 |
Wave 2 |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HP (n=200)n (%) | NHP (n=200)n (%) | HP (n=200)n (%) | NHP (n=200)n (%) | OR | (95% CI) | P-values | OR | (95% CI) | P-values | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||||
| Female | 53 | (27) | 84 | (42) | 92 | (46) | 97 | (48) | 1.00 | (REF) | 1.00 | (REF) | ||
| Male | 147 | (73) | 116 | (58) | 108 | (54) | 103 | (52) | 2.0 | (1.3–3.1) | 0.001 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.6) | 0.62 |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||
| 0–5 | 3 | (2) | 7 | (4) | 3 | (2) | 4 | (2) | 0.5 | (0.1–2.0) | 0.34 | 1.9 | (0.4–9.3) | 0.38 |
| 6–19 | 3 | (2) | 16 | (8) | 3 | (2) | 35 | (18) | 0.2 | (0.1–0.8) | 0.02 | 0.2 | (0.07–0.8) | 0.02 |
| 20–34 | 60 | (30) | 71 | (36) | 40 | (20) | 106 | (53) | 1.00 | (REF) | 1.00 | (REF) | ||
| 35–54 | 90 | (45) | 77 | (40) | 78 | (39) | 48 | (24) | 1.4 | 0.9–2.2 | 0.17 | 4.3 | (2.6–7.2) | <0.0001 |
| ≥55 | 44 | (23) | 29 | (15) | 74 | (37) | 7 | (4) | 1.8 | (1.0–3.2) | 0.05 | 28 | (12–66) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||||||||
| None | 121 | (61) | 170 | (85) | 97 | (49) | 187 | (94) | 1.00 | (REF) | 1.00 | (REF) | ||
| HTN alone | 35 | (22) | 14 | (8) | 37 | (28) | 7 | (4) | 3.5 | (1.8–6.8) | 0.0002 | 10.2 | (4.4–23.7) | <0.0001 |
| DM alone | 9 | (7) | 6 | (3) | 11 | (10) | 2 | (1) | 2.1 | (0.7–6.1) | 0.16 | 10.3 | (2.3–47.4) | 0.003 |
| HTN and DM alone | 15 | (8) | 0 | (0) | 21 | (11) | 0 | (0) | 43.5 | (2.6–734) | 0.009 | 83 | (4.9–1379) | 0.002 |
| Any other comorbidities | 20 | (14) | 10 | (5) | 34 | (26) | 4 | (2) | 2.8 | (1.3–6.2) | 0.01 | 16.3 | (5.7–47.5) | <0.0001 |
| Age and comorbidities | ||||||||||||||
| <55 years/none | 105 | (53) | 155 | (78) | 64 | (32) | 182 | (91) | 1.00 | (REF) | 1.00 | (REF) | ||
| <55 years/HTN alone | 22 | (17) | 5 | (3) | 15 | (19) | 6 | (3) | 6.5 | (2.3–17.6) | 0.0003 | 7.1 | (2.6–19.1) | 0.0001 |
| <55 years/HTN and DM alone | 6 | (3) | 0 | (0) | 9 | (5) | 0 | (0) | 19.1 | (1.1–343) | 0.04 | 54.8 | (3.1–936) | 0.006 |
| <55 years/other comorbidities | 23 | (12) | 11 | (6) | 36 | (18) | 5 | (3) | 3.1 | (1.4–6.6) | 0.004 | 20.5 | (7.7–54.4) | <0.0001 |
| ≥55 years/none | 16 | (16) | 15 | (8) | 31 | (16) | 5 | (3) | 1.6 | (0.7–3.3) | 0.23 | 18 | (6.6–47.5) | <0.0001 |
| ≥55 years/HTN alone | 13 | (7) | 9 | (5) | 21 | (11) | 1 | (1) | 2.1 | (0.9–5.2) | 0.09 | 59.7 | (7.9–452) | 0.0001 |
| ≥55 years/HTN and DM alone | 9 | (5) | 0 | (0) | 12 | (6) | 0 | (0) | 28.0 | (1.6–486) | 0.02 | 70.7 | (4.1–1211) | 0.003 |
| ≥55 years/other comorbidities | 6 | (3) | 5 | (3) | 7 | (4) | 1 | (1) | 1.8 | (0.5–6.0) | 0.36 | 20.0 | (2.4–164) | 0.006 |
| Vaccination status | ||||||||||||||
| Unvaccinated | 200 | (100) | 200 | (100) | 189 | (94) | 180 | (90) | NA | NA | 1.00 | (REF) | ||
| One dose | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 9 | (5) | 17 | (9) | NA | NA | 0.50 | (0.21–1.2) | 0.11 | |
| Two dosesa | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 2 | (1) | 3 | (1) | NA | NA | 0.63 | (0.10–3.8) | 0.62 | |
| Any doses | 0 | (0) | 0 | (0) | 11 | (6) | 20 | (10) | NA | NA | 0.52 | (0.24–1.1) | 0.10 | |
HP, hospitalized patients; NHP, non-hospitalized patients; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
None of these patients had completed 14 days after vaccination before illness onset
Note: Where zeroes in cells interfered with obtaining an interpretable odds ratio, 0.5 was added to all cells.