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. 2022 Mar 23;12:4956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08650-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Full mineral chemistry network expansion through geologic time. Bipartite mineral chemistry network containing all minerals and their constituent elements with maximum known ages at (A) 4.0–4.7 Ga; (B) 2.5–4.7 Ga; (C) 0.5–4.7 Ga; (D) 0–4.7 Ga. Network lines (“edges”) connect minerals to all of their constituent elements. Element nodes are colored by Pauling scale electronegativity³ and minerals nodes are colored by weighted Mineral Element Electronegativity Coefficient of Variation (wMEE_CV). Mineral nodes are sized by their number of known localities. Figure created using dragon version 1.1.0 (https://github.com/sjspielman/dragon).