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Composition of Zwitterionic PP 5 and applied parameters for the synthesis of the various PVDF membranesa.
| Membrane code | PP 5 | PVDF (%) | DMA (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| M-0 | 0 | 20 | 80.0 |
| M-1 | 0.1% | 20 | 79.9 |
| M-2 | 0.25% | 20 | 79.75 |
| M-3 | 0.5% | 20 | 79.5 |
aPolymer dope solution temperature and coagulation bath temperature were kept at 25 °C.
