Table 11.
List of flavonoids with anticancer effect and their mechanism of action.
| Flavonoids | Mode of action | References |
|---|---|---|
| Genistein | Increases expression of Bax, P2, GTP, glutathione peroxidase Inhibit topoisomerase II and NF-kB |
[168] [160] |
| Apigenin | Caspases activation, GSH, GST, GPxn, GTP, STAT3 Inhibit signal transducer Block phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 |
[240], [28] |
| Resveratrol | Increase p53 and Bcl-2 of X protein Decrease PI3K, Akt, MMP, Bcl2 Reduce MAP kinase phosphorylation Inhibit angiogenesis G1, G2, M phase arrest |
[33] [202] [263] |
| Kaempferol | Activation caspase 3, p53 Cdc2, CDK2, CDK4, inhibition G1, G2, M phase arrest |
[139] [80] |
| Chrysin | G1, G2, M phase arrest Induce apoptosis |
[121] [228] |
| Flavopiridol | Inhibit cyclin dependent kinase Inhibit Topoisomerase-1 Inhibit COX-1 |
[266] [111] |
| Cyanidin | Inhibition of COX-1 and II MMP-2 and 9 ErK, JNK TNF alpha |
[125] |
| Silamarin | Induce apoptotic factors Inhibition of anti-apoptotic factors G1, G2, M phase arrest |
[140] [254] |
| Epigalloca Techingallate |
Stimulate genes expression of tumor suppression |
[183] [214]; Qiao et al., 2017;[206] |
| Oroxylin A flavone | Decrease COX-2 andi NOS Block NF-kB Block IkB degradation |
[45] [81] |
| Quercetin | Scavenge ROS Cell proliferation signaling pathways NF-kB, MAPK, STAT3, PI3k/Akt, mTOR Decrease growth factors Induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest |
[23] [158] |
| Luteolin | Induce cell cycle arrest Induce apoptosis Cytoskeleton shrinkage |
[106] |