Table 14.

List of flavonoids inhibiting corona virus and their mechanism of action.

Flavonoids	Mechanism of action	References
Quercetin	Inhibit viral replication Inhibit viral entry into the host cells Block interaction sites Stop viral spread	Jo et al., 2019 [264], [265]
Theaflavin-3,3-digallate	Inhibit protease Suppress viral replication	[47]
Resveratrol	Suppress viral replication by inhibiting N protein	[146]
Luteolin	Inhibit viral entry into the host cells	Yi et al., 2004
Bavachinin Neobavaisoflavone Isobavachalcone corylifol	Inhibit protease	[127]
Psoralidin	Inhibit protease	Ho et al., 2007
Juglanin	Blocks the 3a channel and inhibit virus release	Schwarz et al. 2014
Myricetin scutellarein	Inhibit helicase	Yu et al., 2012
Kampferol	Interact with coronavirus catalytic site	[119]
Emodin	Inhibit spike glycoprotein	[237]
Theaflavin	Inhibit RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (replication enzyme)	[159]
Hesperetin, hesperidin Naringin, naringenin	Inhibit ACE2, major receptor of corona virus	Cheng et al., 2020 [175]
Herbacetin, rhoifolin, pectolinarin	Inhibit protease by forming H bonds in the active site	Kim et al., 2020
5,7,3’,4’tetrahydroxy-2’-(3,3- dimethylallyl)isoflavone	Form H bond with protease receptors	[211], [212]
Quercetin-3 galactoside	Competitive inhibition of papain-like protease	[48]
Tomentin	Inhibit protease	[49]
Papyriflavonol A	Inhibit protease	[199]
Cyanidin	Inhibit RNA polymerase Halting viral replication	[264], [265]
Quercetin, phloretin, daidzein, arbutin, genistein, fisetin, myricetin, liquiritin, kaempferol, eriodictyol and chalconaringenin	Inhibit spike protein and therefore inhibit viral spread	[264], [265]
Naringenin	Inhibit 3CLpro Inhibit ACE2 receptor Inhibit replication	[258]