Table 5.

Meta-regression analysis for moderator analysis association between fear of COVID-19 and mental health-related factor outcomes

		Number of studies	Coefficient	s.e.	P-value	I2 residual (%)	Adjusted R2 (%)	τ2
Depression	Country	49	−0.001	0.003	0.69	95.11	−1.99	0.04
	Age	38	0.002	0.003	0.49	96.49	−1.40	0.04
	Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score	49	0.02	0.04	0.61	95.06	−1.67	0.04
	Female % of participants	48	−0.0001	0.001	0.91	95.17	−2.31	0.04
	Measure of depression	49	−0.004	0.01	0.71	95.12	−2.04	0.04
Anxiety	Country	48	0.006	0.003	0.07	96.8	5.32	0.05
	Age	35	0.007	0.003	0.01	95.27	15.54	0.04
	Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score	48	0.09	0.05	0.05	97.32	6.53	0.05
	Female % of participants	47	0.002	0.002	0.19	97.39	1.68	0.05
	Measure of anxiety	48	−0.0001	0.009	1	97.57	−2.27	0.05
Stress	Country	17	0.001	0.004	0.71	92.99	−5.25	0.02
	Age	11	0.007	0.004	0.15	92.52	11.80	0.02
	Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score	17	0.14	0.07	0.07	91.62	15.51	0.02
	Female % of participants	17	0.0004	0.002	0.83	93	−5.87	0.02
	Measure of stress	17	0.7	0.7	0.36	92.5	−0.54	0.02
Sleep problems	Country	9	−0.0004	0.004	0.91	91.42	−15.47	0.008
	Age	5	0.004	0.002	0.11	50.18	63.58	0.002
	Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score	9	−0.06	0.06	0.34	88.16	1.30	0.007
	Female % of participants	9	0.001	0.001	0.42	93.36	−3.80	0.007
	Measure of sleep problems	9	0.009	0.02	0.61	92.15	−12.75	0.008
Mental health-related factors	Country	6	−0.01	0.02	0.57	98.70	−13.90	0.15
	Age	4	−0.01	0.03	0.73	99	−39.93	0.26
	Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score	6	−0.29	0.2	0.21	98.67	19.59	0.11
	Female % of participants	6	0.007	0.007	0.44	98.35	−5.14	0.14
	Measure of mental health-related factors	6	0.87	0.14	0.003	93.38	89.68	0.01
Mental well-being	Country	3	−0.003	0.006	0.74	−	−	−
	Lockdown period	3	0.03	0.05	0.68	−	−	−
	Female % of participants	3	−0.001	0.001	0.67	−	−	−
	Measure of mental well-being	3	−0.03	0.05	0.68	−	−	−