Fig. 1.

Forecasted calendar year (CY) 2021 direct cost-of-service expenditures for virtual cardiac rehabilitation (VCR) among Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) beneficiaries equal to or greater than 65 years of age for the entire United States (US) or Ohio alone. Initially, CY 2018 data focused on Medicare FFS beneficiaries and center-based CR quality metrics reflective of national and Ohio level CR eligibility, enrollment, sessions, and program completion were used to forecast CY 2021 Medicare expenditures associated with a 50% rise in new CR participation via VCR. Theoretical 119% and 104% increases in new VCR enrollment in CY 2021 for Ohio and the US, respectively, represent what proportional rise in VCR participation would be needed in order to achieve 70% enrollment in CR out of all those who are eligible. Forecasted direct costs for VCR using per session billing refers to the use of CPT codes 93797/98, which are traditionally billed for during center-based CR. Details on the cost breakdown of VCR using CPT codes for remote physiologic monitoring (RPM) services can be viewed in the Supplement Table.