TABLE 1.
Characteristics of participants
| HIV-unexposed (HU) | HIV-exposed (HEU) | HIV-infected (HIV+) |
HU versus HIV+
(p-value) |
HEU versus HIV+
(p-value) |
|
| Subjects n | 90 | 162 | 142 | ||
| Age years | 8.8 (7.8–10.5) | 9.0 (7.9–10.6) | 8.4 (7.6–8.8) | p=0.0004 | p<0.0001 |
| Ethnicity n (%) | African 90 (100) | African 147 (91) Mixed 15 (9) |
African 129 (91) Mixed 13 (9) |
||
| Height cm | 128.3 (122.5–138.8) | 129.5 (124.1–139.0) | 123.8 (119.0–128.5) | p<0.0001 | p<0.0001 |
| Height-for-age Z-score | −0.56±1.1 | −0.53±1.09 | −0.87±1.00 | p=0.0848 | p=0.0187 |
| Weight kg | 27.75 (23.50–34.98) | 27.2 (23.9–33.2) | 24.3 (22.0–26.7) | p<0.0001 | p<0.0001 |
| Weight-for-age Z-score | −0.09±1.22 | −0.22±1.19 | −0.51±0.99 | p=0.0186 | p=0.0758 |
| Age at ART initiation weeks | 17.6 (8.0–36.7) | ||||
| Time interval years, first ART exposure to PFT | 7.65 (7.35–8.37) | ||||
| CD4 count at PFT (n=126) cells·mm−3 | 1065 (786–1298) | ||||
| HIV viral load at PFT (n=108) copies·mL−1 | 39 (19–302) | ||||
| HIV viral suppression at PFT (%) | 100 (92.6) |
Data are presented as mean±sd if normally distributed, median (interquartile range) if not normally distributed, unless otherwise stated. HIV viral suppression was defined as a HIV viral load <400 viral copies·mL−1. Compared with either one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test (normal distribution), Kruskal–Wallis with post hoc Dunn's multiple comparison test (not normally distributed) and Chi-square (categorical data). No statistically significant differences between HU and HEU. ART: antiretroviral therapy; PFT: pulmonary function test.