TABLE 2.
Successfully completed lung function tests of HIV-unexposed (HU), HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) and perinatally HIV-infected children on early ART (HIV+)
| HU | HEU | HIV+ | HU versus HIV+ (p-value) | HEU versus HIV+ (p-value) | |
| Spirometry | |||||
| Subjects n | 76 | 131 | 120 | ||
| FEV1 absolute L | 1.380 (1.205–1.648) | 1.430 (1.200–1.710) | 1.250 (1.110–1.450) | p=0.0057 | p=0.0001 |
| FEV1 Z-score | −0.892±0.932 | −0.786±1.125 | −0.570±1.083 | p=0.1001 | p=0.2456 |
| FVC absolute L | 1.550 (1.32–1.813) | 1.570 (1.340–1.860) | 1.355 (1.195–1.598) | p=0.0009 | p=0.0002 |
| FVC Z-score | −0.894±0.898 | −0.953±1.196 | −0.669±1.207 | p=0.3695 | p=0.1199 |
| FEV1/FVC absolute | 0.89 (0.853–0.940) | 0.914 (0.863–0.962) | 0.909 (0.879–0.954) | p=0.1771 | p>0.9999 |
| FEV1/FVC Z-score | −0.031±1.284 | 0.301±1.205 | 0.1551±1.076 | p=0.5297 | p=0.5891 |
| Plethysmography | |||||
| Subjects n | 77 | 128 | 120 | ||
| Total lung capacity (TLC) L | 2.481±0.487 | 2.467±0.561 | 2.258±0.3524 | p=0.0041 | p=0.0018 |
| TLC Z-score | −0.2194±1.050 | −0.406±1.178 | 0.2906±0.9855 | p=0.0039 | p<0.0001 |
| Residual volume (RV) L | 0.8612±0.2584 | 0.8746±0.2537 | 0.8734±0.2257 | p=0.9373 | p=0.9992 |
| RV Z-score | 0.6125±0.7607 | 0.6251±0.7185 | 0.9497±0.6517 | p=0.0034 | p=0.001 |
| RV/TLC | 34.75±8.153 | 35.56±9.210 | 38.69±8.441 | p=0.0058 | p=0.0139 |
| RV/TLC Z-score | 1.399±0.8341 | 1.489±1.059 | 1.733±0.8190 | p=0.0371 | p=0.0995 |
| Functional residual capacity (FRC) L | 1.28 (1.13–1.55) | 1.33 (1.15–1.59) | 1.18 (1.06–1.36) | p=0.0135 | p=0.0001 |
| FRC Z-score | 0.3676±0.9391 | 0.4456±0.8829 | 0.7156±0.8926 | p=0.0234 | p=0.0504 |
| Vital capacity (VCPLETH) L | 1.540 (1.285–1.860) | 1.530 (1.290–1.825) | 1.380 (1.195–1.598) | p=0.0011 | p=0.0008 |
| VCPLETH Z-score | −2.179±0.8135 | −2.281±1.061 | −2.157±1.077 | p=0.9884 | p=0.6037 |
| Diffusing capacity | |||||
| Subjects n | 62 | 105 | 98 | ||
| D LCO | 14.75 (13.22–16.87) | 14.77 (12.69–17.01) | 13.93 (12.46–16.09) | p=0.1802 | p=0.2837 |
| DLCO Z-score | 0.231 (−0.25–0.76) | 0.176 (−0.38–0.82) | 0.50 (0.01–1.28) | p=0.0375 | p=0.0026 |
| Alveolar volume (VA) L | 2.370 (2.068–2.800) | 2.380 (2.095–2.790) | 2.11 (1.938–2.315) | p=0.0005 | p<0.0001 |
| VA Z-score | −0.44 (−1.15–0.18) | −0.34 (−1.0–0.52) | −0.19 (−0.68–0.36) | p=0.1480 | p>0.9999 |
| DLCO/VA | 6.400 (5.788–6.783) | 6.010 (5.395–6.680) | 6.565 (6.005–7.230) | p=0.1564 | p<0.0001 |
Data are presented as mean±sd if normally distributed, median (interquartile range) if not normally distributed, unless otherwise stated. No statistically significant differences between HU and HEU. ART: antiretroviral therapy; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.