Table 3.
The adjusted associations between daily food insecurity score and energy intake, diet quality, and HEI component scores in the overall sample and in sample stratified by season and by COVID-19 perioda
| Allb | By season | By COVID period | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fallc | Winterc | Before Covid-19d | During Covid-19d | |||||||
| b (95% CI) |
P-value | b (95% CI) |
P-value | b (95% CI) |
P-value | b (95% CI) |
P-value | b (95% CI) |
P-value | |
| N of person-days | 324 | 178 | 146 | 214 | 110 | |||||
| Total diet | ||||||||||
| Total energy, kcale | -7.58 (-125.50, 110.30) | 0.90 | 2.35 (-144.00, 148.90) | 0.98 | -39.60 (-216.80, 137.70) | 0.66 | 69.86 (-67.30, 207.00) | 0.32 |
-136.90 (-296.00, 22.10) |
0.09 |
| HEI, scoree |
-2.40 (-4.80, -0.01) |
0.05 |
-1.05 (-3.87, 1.79) |
0.47 |
-7.10 (-11.04, -3.15) |
< 0.001 |
-2.45 (-6.21, 1.31) |
0.20 |
-3.80 (-6.08, -1.53) |
0.001 |
| Food and food group | ||||||||||
| Total fruit, cup |
-0.10 (-0.19, -0.01) |
0.02 |
-0.07 (-0.17, 0.03) |
0.17 |
-0.17 (-0.32, -0.02) |
0.03 |
-0.20 (-0.32, -0.07) |
0.003 |
0.08 (-0.07, 0.22) |
0.30 |
| Whole fruit, cup |
-0.05 (-0.14, 0.03) |
0.23 |
-0.06 (-0.16, 0.04) |
0.28 |
-0.18 (-0.30, -0.05) |
0.007 | -0.16 (-0.28, -0.04) | 0.009 |
0.09 (-0.08, 0.25) |
0.31 |
| Total vegetable, cup |
0.04 (-0.21, 0.29) |
0.78 |
0.08 (-0.22, 0.37) |
0.62 |
-0.11 (-0.39, 0.17) |
0.44 |
-0.13 (-0.39, 0.13) |
0.34 |
0.23 (-0.03, 0.49) |
0.08 |
| Greens and beans, cup |
-0.05 (-0.11, -0.01) |
0.05 |
-0.05 (-0.10, -0.01) |
0.05 |
-0.07 (-0.15, 0.01) |
0.09 |
-0.07 (-0.13, -0.02) |
0.01 |
-0.07 (-0.14, 0.01) |
0.10 |
| Whole grains, oz |
-0.30 (-0.51, -0.09) |
0.004 |
-0.16 (-0.37, 0.06) |
0.16 |
-0.57 (-0.99, -0.16) |
0.007 |
-0.29 (-0.57, -0.01) |
0.04 |
-0.49 (-0.88, -0.09) |
0.02 |
| Dairy, cup |
0.31 (0.11, 0.51) |
0.002 |
0.44 (0.14, 0.73) |
0.004 |
0.09 (-0.32, 0.50) |
0.67 |
0.31 (0.04, 0.58) |
0.02 |
0.18 (-0.03, 0.39) |
0.10 |
| Total protein, oz |
-0.44 (-1.02, 0.15) |
0.14 |
-0.61 (-1.09, -0.14) |
0.01 |
-0.20 (-1.10, 0.70) |
0.67 |
-0.41 (-1.10, 0.29) |
0.25 |
-0.40 (-1.00, 0.20) |
0.20 |
| Seafood/plant protein, oz |
0.03 (-0.37, 0.42) |
0.90 |
0.08 (-0.37, 0.53) |
0.74 |
-0.03 (-0.41, 0.34) |
0.86 |
0.24 (-0.33, 0.82) |
0.41 |
-0.41 (-0.95, 0.12) |
0.13 |
| Refined grains, oz |
0.44 (0.14, 0.74) |
0.004 |
0.17 (-0.19, 0.54) |
0.36 |
1.05 (0.52, 1.59) |
<0.001 |
0.35 (-0.07, 0.76) |
0.10 |
0.60 (-0.03, 1.24) |
0.06 |
| Salt, g |
0.12 (-0.08, 0.31) |
0.24 |
0.07 (-0.17, 0.30) |
0.57 |
0.17 (-0.07, 0.41) |
0.16 |
-0.04 (-0.23, 0.14) |
0.63 |
0.34 (0.15, 0.54) |
< 0.001 |
| Added sugars, % of energy |
-14.13 (-31.69, 3.43) |
0.11 | -14.30 (-51.68, 23.08) | 0.45 |
1.35 (-55.57, 58.28) |
0.96 |
-17.89 (-41.05, 5.29) |
0.13 |
-5.36 (-38.05, 27.33) |
0.75 |
aCI confidence interval, HEI healthy eating index
bAdjusted for gender, race, employment, poverty status, COVID-19 months, seasons, total energy intake, study weeks, and weekdays
cAdjusted for gender, race, employment, poverty status, COVID-19 months, total energy intake, study weeks, and weekdays
dAdjusted for gender, race, employment, poverty status, seasons, total energy intake, study weeks, and weekdays
eGEE models examining the association of daily FI scores and total energy intake and HEI score were not adjusted for total energy intake