Table 5.
Global population cost estimates for vision impairment and its major causes. Costs are in billion 2018 USD purchasing power parity.
| Country | Ref. | Cause | Year of cost data | Population for which costs were projected (million) | Perspective of analysis | In billion 2018 USD ppp |
Intangible Costs | Quality appraisal score | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Costs |
Productivity losses |
Informal Care costs | ||||||||||||
| Medical (1) | Non- medical (2) | Total (1) + (2) | Morbidity (3) | Mortality (4) | Total (3)+(4) | |||||||||
| Global estimates | ||||||||||||||
| World | 32 | All causes a | 2010 | 733.0 | Societal | 2645.06 | – | – | – | – | 193.36 | 282.98 | 117.7 million DALYS |
10 |
| World | 33 | All causes | 2000 | 25.0 | Societal | – | – | – | 26.87 | – | – | – | – | 8 |
| World | 39 | All causes | 2017 | 1077.1 | Societal | – | – | – | 381.06 | – | – | – | – | 7.5 |
| World | 103 | Refractive Error | 2007 | 158.5 | Societal | – | – | – | 321.38; 511.37 b | – | – | – | – | 6.5 |
| World | 34 | Refractive Error | 2015 | 537.6 | Societal | – | – | – | 239.75;5.54 c | – | – | 17.57;0.39 c | – | 9 |
| World | 37 | Refractive Error | 2011 | 244 | Societal | – | – | – | 28.59 | – | – | – | – | 9 |
| World | 30 | Cataract | 2000 | N.R | Societal | 5.54d | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3.5 million DALYS e |
8 |
| World | 31 | Trachoma | 2000 | N.R | Societal | 0.33 f | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 million DALYS g |
7.5 |
| World | 36 | Trachoma | 2003 | 146 | Societal | – | – | – | 7.10 | – | – | 0.54 | – | 7 |
| World | 35 | Trachoma | 1995 | 9.1 | Societal | – | – | – | 4.46 | – | – | – | – | 6 |
| World | 41 | Trachoma | 2005 | N.R | Patient | – | – | – | 0.78 | – | – | – | – | 9 |
USD – United States Dollars ($); NR – Not reported; DALYs – Disability Adjusted Life Years; ppp- purchasing power parity;.
General VI study – all causes of VI;
This study estimated productivity losses costs using two models, the Gross domestic Product Adjusted model ($321.38 billion ppp) and the Gross domestic Product Unadjusted model ($511.37 billion ppp);
Productivity losses and informal care costs resulting from VI caused by uncorrected myopia (highest value) and myopic macular degeneration (lowest value);
Cost of providing extra capsular cataract surgery at 80% coverage level;
DALYS per year averted with extra capsular cataract surgery provided at 95% coverage level;
Cost of providing trichiasis surgery at 80% coverage level;
DALYS per year averted with trichiasis surgery provided at 80% coverage level.