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. 2022 Mar 22;46:101354. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101354

Table 7.

Average cost estimates for cataract treatment. Costs are in 2018 USD purchasing power parity.

Country Reference Cause Treatment Year of cost data Sample size Unit of Observation Perspective of analysis in 2018 USD ppp
Direct costs
 Productivity Losses Informal Care costs Quality appraisal score
Medical (1) Non- medical (2) Total (1) + (2)
High-income Asia Pacific
 Japan 56 Cataract Unspecified 2009 549 Episode a Health System 3654 b – – – – 9
Western Europe
 United Kingdom 108 Cataract Unspecified 1998/99 399 Patient Patient – 153;231 c – – – 6.5
 United Kingdom 109 Cataract Phaco/ECCE N.R 476 Surgery Health System – – 725; 741 d – – 9.5
 France 55 Cataract Unspecified 2001 250 Episode Health System 2690 – – – – 8
 France 110 Cataract Unspecified 2011 125 Episode Health System 465; 744 e – – – – 7
 Sweden 111 Cataract Unspecified 1998 565 Episode Health System – 787 – – – 7.5
 9 EU countries 112 Cataract Unspecified 2005 N.R Patient Health System – 268 to 1673 f – – – 8.5
High Income North America
 United States 113 Cataract Unspecified 2012
N.R		 Surgery Health System
and Societal		 2934 – – – – 9.5
 United States 54 Cataract Unspecified 2009 27 Episode Payer 9615; 12,311 g – – – – 7
 United States 114 Cataract Unspecified N.R 68,866 Episode Payer 1087 3.5
 United States 115 Cataract Congenital
Cataract surgery		 2013
114		 Patient Payer – – 36,352;
38,353h 		– – 7.5
 United States 116 Cataract Unspecified 2004 137,039 Episode Payer – – 3029 – – 7.5
 Canada 117 Cataract Unspecified 2003 44 Episode Hospital 1043 to 1542 g – – – – 8.5
South Asia
 India 118 Cataract Congenital Cataract 2010 N.R Episode Hospital – 140 to 547 – – – 8.5
 India 53 Cataract Phaco/ECCE/MSICS 2000 N.R Surgery Societal – – 23;24;36 i – – 8.5
 India 52 Cataract ECCE 1997 5025 Surgery Societal – – 68 to 24 – – 6.5
Southeast Asia
 Malaysia 119 Cataract Phaco/ECCE 2000 247 Surgery Health System – – 1288;1598 i – – 9.5
East Asia
 China 120 Cataract Phaco 2000 1189 Surgery Hospital – – 617 to 1488 – – 8.5
Eastern sub-Saharan Africa
 Zambia 50 Cataract ECCE 2010 40 Episode Hospital
and Patient		 – – 77 – – 8
 Kenya 121 Cataract Paediatric
cataract surgery		 N.R
96		 Patient Hospital 303;380g – – – – 4
Western sub-Saharan Africa
 Nigeria 51 Cataract Unspecified N.R 104 Patient Patient – – 54 j – – 8
Tropical Latin America
 Brazil 122 Cataract ECCE 2001 1025 Surgery Health System 786 – – – – 6.5
 Brazil 123 Cataract Phaco/ECCE N.R 205 Surgery Health System 239; 349 i – – – – 6.5
 Brazil 124 Cataract Phaco 2000 58 Surgery Health System 344 – – – – 9

USD – United States Dollars ($); ppp- purchasing power parity; N.R – Not reported; Phaco, phacoemulsification surgery; ECCE, extracapsular cataract extraction; MSICS, manual small incision cataract surgery.

a

Cataract surgery episode includes all costs involved in the pre-, intra and post-operative period (including out-patient attendance, post-operative attendance medication etc.) whereas ‘surgery` is just the surgical activity;

b

Average cost for surgery in one eye;

c

Average cost in two different hospitals: a district hospital and a community hospital (lowest value);

d

Average costs for phaco (lowest value) and ECCE (highest value);

e

Average costs for cataract surgery in outpatient settings (lowest value) and in inpatient settings (highest value);

f

This study reported the cost of providing cataract surgery in nine countries in Europe: Denmark, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy and The Netherlands. Average costs varied considerably by country ranging from $286 ppp in Poland and $1673 ppp in Italy;

g

Average cost for simultaneous bilateral surgery and sequential bilateral surgery (higher value);

h

5 year treatment cost: surgery and contact lenses (lowest value), surgery and intraocular lenses (highest value);

i

Average costs for ECCE (lowest value), phaco (highest value);

j

Average direct costs for men ($59 ppp highest value), women ($49 ppp lowest value), both sexes $54 ppp.