Table A6.

Additive P-values Associated with Interaction Terms between Any Tobacco 21 Coverage and Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Parental Education and Plans to Attend College for Smoking Participation, First Cigarette Initiation, and Daily Smoking Initiation across Grades, Monitoring the Future, 2014–2019. Results Shown are using Imputed Data (m = 10).

	8th gradersa	10th gradersa	12th gradersb
	P-value	P-value	p-value
Smoking participation
Gender	0.131	0.874	0.689
Race/ethnicity	0.339	0.462	0.007
Parental education	0.702	0.062	0.083
College bound	–	–	0.159
N	92,922	88,628	81,082
First cigarette initiation
Gender	0.308	0.971	0.285
Race/ethnicity	0.678	0.388	0.451
Parental education	0.752	0.956	0.685
College bound	–	–	0.594
N	84,562	74,938	30,198
Daily smoking initiation
Gender	0.667	0.826	0.541
Race/ethnicity	0.984	0.085	0.324
Parental education	0.889	0.120	0.775
College bound	–	–	0.815
N	91,457	85,468	37,571

^aRegression models estimating adjusted risk ratios controlled for gender, age, race/ethnicity, parents’ highest education, living arrangement, mother’s employment, high school program type, hours worked per week, weekly earnings from allowances or other sources, grade of smoking cigarette for first time, grade of starting daily smoking, having 5 or more drinks in a row over the past 2 weeks, marijuana use in the past 30 days, the year of survey administration, census region, cigarette taxes, workplace smoke-free policy coverage, restaurant and bar (hospitality) smoke-free policy coverage, percentage of individuals in state in poverty, percentage of individuals in state that are Black, percentage of individuals in state that are Hispanic or Latino.

^b12th grade adjusted regression models controlled for all variables included in 8th and 10th grade models, as well as college plans.