Table 1.
Physiological studies of catechins on Alzheimer’s disease
| Materials | Dosesa | Species/organ (origin)b | Stressorsc | Biomarkersd | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGCG | 15 mg/kg (p.o.) | SAMP8 mice/FC, HIP | AD-transgenic |
↑Synaptophysin, PSD95 ↓p-tau, Aβ1–42, BACE-1 |
Guo et al. (2017) |
| EGCG | 2 μM/well | BV-2 cells/Microglia | LPS | ↓TLR4, nitric oxide, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β | Park and Chun (2016) |
| EGCG | 5 mg/kg/day (i.p.) | SD rats/HIP | Scopolamine |
↑AChE, SOD, LTP ↓MDA |
Kim et al. (2022) |
| EGCG |
50 mg/kg (p.o.) |
APP/PS1 mice/WB | AD-transgenic |
↑IL-10, IL-13 ↓IL-1β |
Bao et al. (2020) |
| Catechin hydrate |
50 mg/kg (p.o.) |
Wistar rats/HIP, CC | Streptozotocin |
↑GSH, GPx, GR, catalase ↓AChE, TNF-α, IL-1β |
Ahmed et al. (2013) |
| Green tea catechins | 40 mg/kg of b.w. (p.o.) | BALB/c mice/HIP | PM2.5 |
↑SOD, GSH, BCl-2, AChR-3α, ChAT ↓p-JNK, p-IκB-α, TNF-α, BAX, Aβ, p-tau, AChE |
Kim et al. (2021) |
| Green tea catechins | 50 mg/kg of b.w. (p.o.) | C57BL/6 mice/WB, HIP, CC | HFD |
↑p-Akt, BDNF, IDE ↓p-JNK, p-tau, Aβ, COX-2, IL-1β |
Kim et al. (2020b) |
| Persimmon catechin | 20 mg/kg of b.w. (p.o.) | ICR mice/WB | Trimethyltin chloride |
↑SOD, GSH, MMP, ATP, p-Akt ↓AChE, p-JNK, p-tau, cytochrome c, IRS-1pSer, TNF-α, p-NF-κB, BAX |
Kim et al. (2018) |
aMaximal dose of referred study. Body weight (b.w.)
bAbbreviation of organs. FC frontal cortex, HIP hippocampus, WB whole brain, CC cerebral cortex
cAbbreviation of stressors. AD Alzheimer’s disease, LPS lipopolysaccharide, PM particulate matter, HFD high-fat diet
dAbbreviation of biomarkers. PSD95 postsynaptic density protein 95, Aβ amyloid beta, BACE-1 beta-secretase 1, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL interleukin, AChE acetylcholinesterase, SOD superoxide dismutase, LPT ling term potential, MDA malondialdehyde, GSH glutathione, GPx glutathione peroxidase, GR glutathione reductase, BCl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2, AChR-3α acetylcholine receptor α3, ChAT choline acyltransferase, p-JNK phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p-IκB-α phosphor-nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha, BAX BCl-2 associated X, BDNF brain derived neurotrophic factor, IDE insulin degrading enzyme, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2, MMP mitochondrial membrane potential, IRS-1pSer phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (Ser), p-NF-κB phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells