Table 2.
Physiological studies of catechins on metabolic disease related to high fat diet
| Materials | Dosesa | Species/organ (origin) | Stressorsb | Biomarkersc | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGCG | 50 μM/well |
QSG-7701 cells /Human liver cell |
OA |
↑SOD, catalase, GPx, LC3A/B, Beclin-1, p-ERK ↓P62, p-JNK, p-p38 |
Wu et al. (2021) |
| EGCG | 50 mg/kg/day | C57BL/6 J/liver | HFD | ↓Triglyceride, total cholesterol, ALT, AST, NEFA | Wu et al. (Physiological studies of catechins) |
| EGCG | 0.7 g/day/kg of b.w. (p.o.) | Wistar rats (female)/plasma, fecal | Semisynthetic diet high in cholesterol and fat |
↑HDLC ↓Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, free fatty acids, total lipid, cholesterol, fat |
Raederstorff et al. (2003) |
| Epicatechin | 200 mg/kg (p.o.) | C57BL/6 J/adipose tissue | HFD | ↓TNF-α, IL-6, Saa3, Ip-10, Ccl19, cd11c, Cidea | Sano et al. (2017) |
| ( +)-Catechin | 300 μmol/L | 3T3-L1 cells/adipocytes | IBMX, DEX |
↑cAMP, PKA, ATGL, PLIN ↓C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, PPARγ, SREBP1C |
Jiang et al. (2019) |
| Green tea catechin | 1.7 mg/day (p.o.) | C57BL/6 J/plasma | ApoE-deficient transgenic mice |
↑HDLC ↓Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, VLDLC, MDA |
Miura et al. (2001) |
| Green tea catechin | 0.1% (w/v) (p.o.) | Lewis rats (female)/liver | Haemorrhage/resuscitation | ↓ALT, IL-6, PMNL, ICAM-1, p-IκB-α, CAE | Relja et al. (2011) |
| Green tea catechin | 50 mg/kg (p.o.) | C57BL/6/liver, adipose | HFD | ↓TNF-α, IL-1β, TNFR1, p-IRS-1, p-JNK, iNOS, COX-2, HMGCR, PPARγ, FAS | Kim et al. (2020b) |
| Wine grape seed flour catechin | 5% (w/v) (p.o.) | C57BL/6 J/plasma | HFD, HFrD |
↑HDLC ↓Triglyceride, Total cholesterol |
Seo et al. (2020) |
aMaximal dose of referred study. Body weight (b.w.)
bAbbreviation of stressors. OA oleic acid, HFD high-fat diet, IBMX isobutylmethylxanthine, DEX dexamethasone, HFrD high-fructose diet
cAbbreviation of biomarkers. SOD superoxide dismutase, GPx glutathione peroxidase, p-ERK phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-JNK phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, NEFA non-esterified fatty acids, HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL interleukin, Saa3 serum amyloid A3, Ip-10C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, C–C motif chemokine, Ccl19 ligand 19, cd11c integrin αX subunit, Cidea cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA protein kinase A, ATGL adipose triglyceride lipase, PLIN perilipins, C/EBPβ CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β, C/EBPδ CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein δ, PPARγ peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, SREBP1C sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C, VLDLC very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MDA malondialdehyde, PMNL polymorphonuclear leukocyte, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1, p-IκB-α phosphor-nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha, CAE chloroacetate esterase, TNFR1TNF-α receptor 1, p-IRS-1 phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2, HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, FAS fatty acid synthase