Table 4.
Physiological studies of catechins on respiratory disease
| Materials | Dosesa | Species/organ (origin) | Stressorsb | Biomarkersc | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGCG | 200 mg/kg (p.o.) | Sprague Dawley rats/lung | Hg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu |
↑Excretion of heavy metals ↓Bilirubin, ALT, AST |
Wang et al. (2020) |
| Epicatechin | 500 μM/well | MRC-5 cells/human lung fibroblast cells | Amiodarone |
↑Mitochondrial complex I, ATP, SOD, catalase ↓MDA, PC, nitric oxide |
Santos et al. (2017) |
| Catechin hydrate | 40 mg/kg of b. w. (p.o.) | Swiss albino mice/lung | Benzo(a)pyrene |
↑GPx, GST, GR, GSH, catalase, SOD, QR, BCl-2, ↓LPO, LDH, CYPOR, mEH, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, p53, BAX, Caspase-3 |
Shahid et al. (2016) |
| Catechin | 100 μg/mL/well | A549 cells/pulmonary carcinoma | Influenza A (H1N1) virus | ↓Neuraminidase activity, plaque formation | You et al. (2018) |
| Catechin | 500 μM/well | MRC-5 cells/human lung fibroblast cells | Amiodarone |
↑Mitochondrial complex I, ATP, SOD, catalase ↓MDA, PC, nitric oxide |
Santos et al. (2017) |
| Green tea catechins | 10 μg/mL/well | A549 cells/pulmonary carcinoma | PM2.5 |
↑SOD, BCl-2 ↓ROS, apoptosis, MDA, caspase-3, BAX |
Zhang et al. (2018) |
| Green tea catechins | 40 mg/kg of b.w. (p.o.) | BALB/c mice/lung | PM2.5 |
↑SOD, GSH ↓MDA, TNF-α, p-JNK, p-IκB-α, p-NF-κB, BAX, caspase-1, COX-2, IL-1β |
Kim et al. (2021) |
aMaximal dose of referred study. Body weight (b.w.)
bAbbreviation of stressors. PM particulate matter
cAbbreviation of biomarkers. ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, SOD superoxide dismutase, MDA malonaldehyde, PC protein carbonyl groups, GPx glutathione peroxidase, GST glutathione-S-transferase, GR glutathione reductase, GSH glutathione, QR quinone reductase, BCl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2, LPO lipid peroxidation, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, CYPOR crystal structure of a NADPH-cytochrome P450, mEH microsomal epoxide hydrolase, NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, IL-6 interleukin-6, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2, BAX BCl-2 associated X, PC protein carbonyl groups, ROS reactive oxygen species, p-JNK phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p-IκB-α phosphor-nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha, BAX BCl-2 associated X, IL-1β interleukin-1β