Table 5.
Physiological studies of catechins on gastrointestinal disease
| Materials | Dosesa | Species/organ (origin) | Stressorsb | Biomarkersc | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EGCG | 100 mg/kg (i.g.) | CF-1 mice/Plasma | Non-stressor |
↑SGLT-1 ↓α-Amylase activity, GLUTs |
Forester et al. (2012) |
| EGCG | 1.5 mM (p.o.) | C57BL/6 mice (female)/colon | DSS |
↑Bowel length, SOD, GPx ↓MPO, MDA, |
Brückner et al. (2012) |
| EGCG | 0.3% (w/w) (p.o.) | C57BL/6 mice/colon, ileum | HFD |
↑claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1, JAMA, HIF-1α ↓TNF-α, calprotectin |
Dey et al. (2020) |
| EGCG | 0.05% (w/w) (p.o.) | ICR mice/colon | DSS |
↑HO-1, p-ERK 1/2 ↓p-PI3K, p-IκB-α, iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, p-p65, nitric oxide |
Chiou et al. (2012) |
| Epicatechin | 300 mg/kg (p.o.) | C57BL/6 J mice/colon | DSS |
↑SOD, GPx, catalase ↓TNF-α, IL-6, nitric oxide, MPO, NF-κB, MDA |
Zhang et al. (2016) |
| Cocoa catechin | 500 mg/kg (p.o.) | Balb/C mice (female)/colon | DSS |
↑Bowel length, ↓MPO, IL-6, nitric oxide, COX-2, pSTAT3, pSTAT1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFNγ |
Andújar et al. (2011) |
| Green tea catechin | 2% (w/w) (p.o.) | C57BL/6 J mice/Jejunal, ileal, colon | HFD | ↓TNF-α, iNOS, MCP-1, CD14, MD2, TLR4 | Dey et al. (2019) |
| Green tea catechin | 2% (w/w) (p.o.) | C57BL/6 mice/colon, ileum | HFD |
↑Claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1, JAMA, HIF-1α ↓TNF-α, calprotectin |
Dey et al. (2020) |
aMaximal dose of referred study. Body weight (b.w.)
bAbbreviation of Stressors. DSS dextran sulfate sodium, HFD high-fat diet
cAbbreviation of biomarkers. SGLT-1 sodium-glucose transport-1, GLUT glucose transporter, SOD superoxide dismutase, GPx glutathione peroxidase, MPO myeloperoxidase, MDA malondialdehyde, ZO-1 zonula occludens-1, JAMA junctional adhesion molecule A, HIF-1α hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, HO-1 heme oxygenase-1, p-ERK1/2 phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, p-PI3K phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, p-IκB-α phosphor-nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-1β interleukin-1β, pSTAT3 phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, pSTAT1α phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1α, IFNγ interferon gamma, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, CD14 cluster of differentiation-14, MD2 myeloid differentiation factor 2, TLR4 toll-like receptor 4