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. 2022 Mar 24;20:153. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01375-z

Table 2.

Biosensing and bioimaging applications of MOF-NZs

Materials Detection LOD Range Ref
Colorimetric
 Fe-MIL-88NH2 Glucose 0.48 μM 2 -300 μM [104]
 Fe-MIL-88A Thrombin  < 10 nM 10–80 nM [105]
 Fe-MIL-88FA Acid Ascorbic 15 μM 30–1030 μM [106]
 RIgG@Cu-MOF mIgG 0.34 ng/mL 0–100 ng/mL [107]
 Ni-hemin MOFs Breast cancer 10 cells/mL 50–105 cells/mL [108]
 Zr-MOF-ssDNA-AuNP Infertility 90% unknown [109]
Electrochemical
 Au@Pt/MIL-53-HRP/hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme COVID-19 8.33 pg/mL 0.025–50 ng/mL [110]
 Fe3O4@UiO-66/Au@PtNP Cardiac troponin I 5.7 pg/mL 0.01–100 ng/mL [111]
 PdNPs@Fe-MIL-88NH2 miR-122 (liver injury) 0.003 fM 0.01 fM-10 pM [73]
 MB@DNA/UiO-66-NH2 Carcino-embryonic antigen 16 fg/mL 50 fg/mL-10 ng/mL [112]
 Zr-UiO-66-2NH2/ PO4-Apt Breast cancer 31 cell/mL 102–104 cell/mL [113]
 cDNA/CoNi-MOFs miRNA-126 0.14 fM – [100]
Fluorescent
 Cu-MOF-199 Thiamine 1 μM 4–700 μM [114]
 MIL-53(Fe) Glucose  < 7.54 nM 0.5–24 μM [115]
 MIL-53(Fe) Alkaline phosphatase 0.7 U L 2–80 U/L [116]
 ssDNA/ZIF-8/Ag nano-clusters miRNA Ultrasensitive 0.175–500 pM [117]
 NH2-Cu-MOF Hypoxanthine 3.93 μM 10–2000 μM [118]
 CuBDC nano-structure Pyrophosphate 0.6 mU·mL 1–50 mU/mL [119]
SERS
 MOFs@Au tetrapode@TB/Ab Acute pulmonary embolism 0.75 fg/mL 1 fg/mL-1 ng/mL [120]
 MOF@TB@cDNA Y-junction ATP 0.4 nM 1–200 nM [121]
 AgNPs/MIL-101(Fe)/ABTS Dopamine 0.32 pM 1.05 pM- 210 nM [122]
 Au@Hexaphosphate@MIL-101 Methenamine 5.0 × 10–10 M 3.16 × 10–6- 1.0 × 10–8 M [123]
 Cu2O@SiO2@ZIF-8@Ag Polyaromatic structures 5.7 × 10–12 mol/L Unknown [124]
 AuNPs@MIL-101@Lactate Oxidase Lactate 5 μM 100–200 μM [125]
Chemiluminescence
 MIL-100 (Fe)/Apt α-fetoprotein 7.7 × 10−11 g/L 1 × 10−10–3 × 10−5 g/L [126]
 Hemin@HKUST-1 Glucose 50 μM 75–1000 μM [127]
 NH2–MIL–101(Al) MOFs Fluoride ion 0.05 μmol/L 0.5–80 μmol/L [128]
 Ru@MOFs/CNT-Ferrocene m6A-RNA 0.0003 nM 0.001–10 nM [129]
 Tb@Zn–MOFs Alkaline phosphatase 0.05 mU/mL 0.1–70 mU/mL [130]
 Au&Pt@UiO-66 Protein kinase A 0.009 U/mL 0.01–0.25 U/mL [131]
Bioimaging
 ICG-CpG@ MIL101-NH2 Photoacoustic imaging and MRI methods Breast cancer (4T1) [132]
 Gd-BTC-MOF@SiO2-10B MRI method Solid tumors [133]
 177Lutetium-PCN-PEG CT method Breast cancer [134]
 FeN200@GOx@M US method Ovarian cancer [135]
 64Cu-DOX-AZIF-8 PET and CT methods Breast cancer (4T1) [136]
MIL-101(Fe)@sorafenib MRI method Hepatocellular carcinoma [137]
 DOX@GNRs-MSNs-HA MRI, Photoacoustic imaging and CT methods Breast cancer (4T1/MCF-7) [138]