Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Type of HCW | Frequency n (%) |
|---|---|
| Nurses | 63 (39.13) |
| Doctors/physicians | 24 (14.90) |
| Residents/students | 7 (4.34) |
| Affiliated staffa | 2 (1.24) |
| Pharmacists | 1 (0.62) |
| Community health workers | 1 (0.62) |
| Physical therapists | 1 (0.62) |
| Midwives | 1 (0.62) |
| Support staff working with people with intellectual disabilities | 1 (0.62) |
| Home health care workers | 1 (0.62) |
| Health and social care workers | 1 (0.62) |
| Managerial staff | 1 (0.62) |
| Multiple groups | 57 (35.40) |
| Frontline staff | |
| Yes | 71 (44.09) |
| No | 39 (24.22) |
| Both | 19 (11.80) |
| Not clear | 32 (19.87) |
| Healthcare setting | |
| Hospitals | 95 (59.00) |
| Primary care settings | 9 (5.59) |
| Nursing homes | 6 (3.72) |
| Home care | 1 (0.62) |
| Residential disability support service | 1 (0.62) |
| Community pharmacy | 1 (0.62) |
| Prison | 1 (0.62) |
| School | 1 (0.62) |
| Independent abortion clinics | 1 (0.62) |
| COVID-19 outpatient clinic | 1 (0.62) |
| Multiple | 28 (17.39) |
| Not clear | 16 (9.93) |
| World Bank income level of countries studied | |
| High | 98 (60.86) |
| Upper middle | 44 (27.32) |
| Lower middle | 10 (6.21) |
| Low | 1 (0.62) |
| Not applicable | 1 (0.62) |
| Multiple | 7 (4.34) |
| Data collection tools | |
| Interviews | 100 (62.11) |
| Open-ended questionnaires | 40 (24.84) |
| Focus Groups | 8 (4.96) |
| Social media, online platforms or recording systems submissions | 5 (3.10) |
| Observations | 1 (0.62) |
| Open reflections | 1 (0.62) |
| Multiple | 6 (3.72) |
aAffiliated staff include paramedics, assistants, and technicians