Table 3.
Key characteristics by cluster
| Variable | Low fear/high barriers | High fear/low barriers | p valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Variable measure | n | Variable measure | ||
| Age, years | 68 | 54.3 ± 13.9 | 29 | 54.5 ± 12.5 | 0.931 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 68 | 35 (51.5) | 29 | 18 (62.1) | 0.337 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 68 | 35.2 ± 15.1 | 29 | 36.4 ± 16.2 | 0.712 |
| SH in previous 12 months | 68 | 4.0 (1.5–8.0) | 29 | 9.0 (5.0–30.0) | 0.003* |
| Gold score | 68 | 5.0 ± 1.1 | 29 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | <0.001* |
| (Modified) Clarke score | 68 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 29 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 0.052 |
| Use of technology | |||||
| Any technology (pump/CGM/pump with automated suspend), n (%) | 68 | 40 (58.8) | 29 | 15 (51.7) | 0.518 |
| Retrospective intermittently monitored ‘flash’ glucose monitoring, n (%) | 68 | 9 (13.2) | 29 | 3 (10.3) | 0.491 |
| PAID score | 68 | 25.4 ± 16.2 | 28 | 47.5 ± 20.5 | <0.001* |
| PAID ≥40 (severe diabetes distress), n (%) | 68 | 13 (19.1) | 28 | 17 (60.7) | |
| HADS-A score | 68 | 6.2 ± 4.0 | 29 | 10.7 ± 4.5 | <0.001* |
| 0–7 (normal), n (%) | 68 | 41 (60.3) | 29 | 8 (27.6) | |
| 8–10 (borderline abnormal), n (%) | 68 | 16 (23.5) | 29 | 6 (20.7) | |
| 11–21 (abnormal), n (%) | 68 | 11 (16.2) | 29 | 15 (51.7) | |
| HADS-D score | 68 | 4.7 ± 3.3 | 29 | 8.8 ± 5.0 | <0.001* |
| 0–7 (normal) n (%) | 68 | 52 (76.5) | 29 | 11 (37.9) | |
| 8–10 (borderline abnormal), n (%) | 68 | 13 (19.1) | 29 | 7 (24.1) | |
| 11–21 (abnormal), n (%) | 68 | 3 (4.4) | 29 | 11 (37.9) | |
Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n (%)
ap value from a two-sample independent t test where mean ± SD is presented, Mann–Whitney two-sample statistic where median (IQR) is presented, and χ2 test statistic (Fisher’s Exact where cell frequencies <5) where n (%) is presented
*p<0.005; considered statistically significant following Bonferroni correction