Table 2.

Key insights learned through participatory design workshops.

Key insights	Specific findings
Overwhelming support for integrating HITsa into mental health care across populations and service settings [4,27,28,36-38,44].	The results of a lived-experience-led national community consultation program showed considerable service user interest in and experience with digital health solutions. On the basis of data collected through 5 digital engagements, 8 face-to-face consultations, and 2 community engagement events, 81% of respondents indicated they were comfortable sharing mental health experiences on the web and 94% had already done so [45].
Service users and carers further emphasized the importance of being provided reputable (academic, government, or nonprofit mental health organization) care options and information [37].	The results of 4 participatory design workshops conducted with 21 community dwelling older adults (aged ≥50 years), including carers, highlighted the need for information delivered via HITs to come from a credible source to be perceived as trustworthy and reliable [37].
Concerns with data privacy and security of personal and health information were prevalent across all service user groups [28,37,46]; however, health professionals questioned whether all users would be wary of security risks.	Young people emphasized the need for privacy information to be readily available to allow a user to be completely comfortable when entering sensitive information into a HIT (“Always ask, could this site be more secure with my information.” [Member of the headspace Youth Reference Group, participatory design workshop in Wollongong, August 30, 2018]). Given the ubiquity of technology use by young people, some health professionals questioned whether they would be suitably concerned about sharing personal data (“Young people may be so used to this as they have grown up with it that they would not see sharing personal data as a major barrier to accessing a health and wellbeing e-tool” [Health Professional, participatory design workshop in Coffs Harbour, December 4, 2018]). Members of the military community emphasized the need to be fully transparent in relation to limitations to confidentiality and data sharing (“Data security needs to be highlighted, particularly that the information is not shared with DVA [Department of Veterans’ Affairs].” [Veteran, participatory design workshop, August 24, 2017]) [28]. Older adults indicated that data privacy and security risks are a primary barrier to the use of HITs (“Anything on the Internet I just don’t really trust, I don’t want to put my information of any kind out there.” [Older Adult, participatory design workshop in Sydney October 9, 2019]) [37].
There is a gap in what is expressed during the co-design process and actual implementation; often, clinicians are very active and willing supporters during the co-design process, however not in practice [47].	The 48 participants, including young people, supportive others, health professionals, service managers, and administrators, from 10 participatory design workshops with headspace services in the North Coast PHNb, recognized the potential for HITs to improve service quality and efficiency; however, a qualitative review of 70 fortnightly logs completed by on-the-ground implementation officers working across 5 headspace centers revealed persistent resistance to change [47].

^aHIT: health information technology.

^bPHN: Primary Health Network.