Table 1.
Participant characteristics and associations at the MRI wave (2012–2016).
| Total SVD score |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 623) | 0 (N = 209) | 1 (N = 206) | 2 (N = 145) | 3 (N = 63) | p | |
| SVD markers | ||||||
| Lacunes, N (%) | 86 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 17 (8%) | 32 (22%) | 37 (59%) | |
| EPVS, N (%) | 203 (33%) | 0 (0%) | 57 (28%) | 90 (62%) | 56 (89%) | |
| WMH, N (%) | 209 (34%) | 0 (0%) | 53 (26%) | 97 (67%) | 59 (94%) | |
| CMB, N (%) | 200 (32%) | 0 (0%) | 79 (38%) | 71 (49%) | 50 (79%) | |
| Participant characteristics | ||||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 69 (66.01–73.28) | 67.39 (65.5–70.58) | 68.12 (65.85–72.64) | 71.2 (67.84–75.1) | 72.18 (69–77.86) | <0.001 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 69.96 (5.18) | 68.45 (4.46) | 69.37 (4.93) | 71.58 (5.23) | 73.22 (5.76) | <0.001 |
| Female, N (%) | 129 (21%) | 41 (20%) | 31 (15%) | 39 (27%) | 18 (29%) | 0.02 |
| Caucasian ethnicity, N (%) | 587 (94%) | 198 (95%) | 193 (94%) | 134 (92%) | 62 (98%) | 0.38 |
| Years of education, median (IQR) | 13 (12–17) | 14 (12–17) | 13.5 (12–17) | 13 (12–17) | 13 (11.25–16) | 0.19 |
| Highest employment grade, N (%) | 319 (51%) | 105 (50%) | 103 (50%) | 83 (58%) | 28 (44%) | 0.36 |
| Intermediate employment grade, N (%) | 264 (42%) | 90 (43%) | 91 (63%) | 54 (37%) | 29 (46%) | 0.49 |
| Lowest employment grade, N (%) | 29 (4%) | 9 (4%) | 10 (5%) | 6 (4%) | 4 (6%) | 0.89 |
| MoCA, median (IQR) | 28 (26–29) | 28 (26–29) | 27 (26–29) | 28 (26–29) | 28 (26.5–29) | 0.41 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.34 (23.34–28.07) | 25.39 (23.13–28.29) | 25.38 (23.19–27.9) | 25.54 (23.46–28.22) | 24.94 (23.46–27.87) | 0.95 |
| MAP, mean (sd) | 98.84 (11.82) | 97.67 (12.31) | 99.38 (11.03) | 98.09 (12.19) | 102.39 (11.62) | 0.02 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 58 (9%) | 16 (8%) | 18 (9%) | 20 (14%) | 4 (6%) | 0.18 |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 20 (3%) | 7 (3%) | 7 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 1 (2%) | 0.90 |
| Alcohol use, median (IQR) | 11.22 (4.09–20.36) | 10.5 (4.25–19) | 12.02 (4.25–23.23) | 9.5 (2.10–16.82) | 12.60 (3.87–20.61) | 0.09 |
| Antihypertensive use, N (%) | 192 (31%) | 47 (22%) | 62 (30%) | 54 (37%) | 29 (46%) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, MET, median, (IQR) | 1155 (495–2062.50) | 1222.5 (525–2082.5) | 1290 (592.5–2302.5) | 982.5 (395.5–1792.5) | 840 (300–1845) | 0.02 |
SVD: cerebral small vessel disease; EPVS: enlarged perivascular spaces; WMH: white matter hyperintensities; CMB: cerebral microbleeds; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure, MET: metabolic equivalent task. Information on employment grade was missing in 2% (N = 11), alcohol use in 3% (N = 21), physical activity in 0.003% (N = 2).