Table 1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Adolescents and Adults With Past-Year OUD Treatment Needa.
| Characteristic | Overall sample of respondents with OUD treatment need | Past-year drug treatment use | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted No. | Weighted column % (95% CI) | No treatment | Non-MOUD services | MOUD | |||||
| Weighted No. | Weighted row % (95% CI) | Weighted No. | Weighted row % (95% CI) | Weighted No. | Weighted row % (95% CI) | ||||
| Total (row %) | 2 206 169 | 100.0 | 1 256 838 | 57.0 (50.9-62.8) | 336 580 | 15.3 (12.0-19.2) | 612 750 | 27.8 (22.0-34.3) | NA |
| Predisposing | |||||||||
| Age, y | |||||||||
| 12-17b | 92 081 | 4.2 (2.8-6.1) | 80 829 | 87.8 (72.4-95.2) | 11 252 | 12.2 (4.8-27.6) | 0 | 0 (0-0) | <.001 |
| 18-25b | 251 824 | 11.4 (8.8-14.7) | 154 797 | 61.5 (46.4-74.6) | 41 492 | 16.5 (10.4-25.1) | 55 534 | 22.0 (12.3-36.3) | |
| 26-34b | 646 460 | 29.3 (23.6-35.8) | 264 713 | 41.0 (28.6-54.6) | 108 180 | 16.7 (9.1-28.7) | 273 567 | 42.3 (30.7-54.8) | |
| 35-49b | 699 988 | 31.7 (26.6-37.4) | 342 394 | 48.9 (40.8-57.1) | 141 967 | 20.3 (13.5-29.3) | 215 627 | 30.8 (22.6-40.5) | |
| ≥50b | 515 817 | 23.4 (16.3-32.4) | 414 106 | 80.3 (64.8-90.0) | 33 689 | 6.5 (3.8-11.0) | 68 022 | 13.2 (5.8-27.4) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 1 224 910 | 55.5 (49.4-61.5) | 658 927 | 53.8 (45.9-61.5) | 231 657 | 18.9 (14.0-25.0) | 334 326 | 27.3 (20.0-36.0) | .10 |
| Female | 981 259 | 44.5 (38.5-50.6) | 597 911 | 60.9 (52.3-68.9) | 104 923 | 10.7 (6.9-16.2) | 278 425 | 28.4 (21.8-36.0) | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||||||
| Hispanic | 176 701 | 8.0 (5.8-11.0) | 126 733 | 71.7 (44.2-89.0) | 23 835 | 13.5 (6.5-25.8) | 26 133c | 14.8 (2.9-50.0) | .60 |
| Non-Hispanic | |||||||||
| Black | 219 095 | 9.9 (6.7-14.5) | 138 214 | 63.1 (43.9-78.9) | 38 178 | 17.4 (7.0-37.0) | 42 703 | 19.5 (9.2-36.6) | |
| White | 1 645 196 | 74.6 (68.5-79.8) | 881 641 | 53.6 (46.3-60.8) | 253 883 | 15.4 (11.2-20.8) | 509 672 | 31.0 (23.9-39.1) | |
| Other | 165 178 | 7.5 (4.4-12.4) | 110 251 | 66.8 (41.6-85.0) | 20 684c | 12.5 (4.3-31.1) | 34 243c | 20.7 (7.2-47.0) | |
| Education (≥18 y) | |||||||||
| High school or lessb | 935 320 | 44.2 (37.5-51.2) | 470 296 | 50.3 (42.5-58.1) | 206 670 | 22.1 (15.6-30.3) | 258 354 | 27.6 (20.0-36.8) | .03 |
| Some college or moreb | 1 178 768 | 55.8 (48.8-62.5) | 705 714 | 59.9 (50.8-68.5) | 118 658 | 10.1 (06.0-16.5) | 354 396 | 30.1 (23.2-37.9) | |
| Enabling | |||||||||
| Insurance | |||||||||
| Any publicb | 1 185 665 | 53.7 (46.9-60.4) | 585 286 | 49.4 (40.9-57.9) | 183 580 | 15.5 (11.4-20.8) | 416 799 | 35.2 (26.6-44.8) | .01 |
| Private onlyb | 576 544 | 26.1 (19.7-33.8) | 393 950 | 68.3 (57.7-77.3) | 61 249 | 10.6 (6.1-17.8) | 121 345 | 21.0 (12.3-33.6) | |
| Uninsured/otherb | 443 960 | 20.1 (14.6-27.1) | 277 603 | 62.5 (49.5-74.0) | 91 751 | 20.7 (12.8-31.7) | 74 606 | 16.8 (9.2-28.8) | |
| Income, $ | |||||||||
| 0-19 999 | 736 805 | 33.4 (26.3-41.4) | 321 047 | 43.6 (32.9-54.9) | 138 994 | 18.9 (11.7-28.9) | 276 765 | 37.6 (28.1-48.0) | .09 |
| 20 000-49 999 | 674 355 | 30.6 (24.0-38.0) | 407 270 | 60.4 (48.6-71.1) | 99 968 | 14.8 (8.6-24.3) | 167 117 | 24.8 (15.6-37.1) | |
| 50 000-74 999 | 311 849 | 14.1 (10.3-19.0) | 209 007 | 67.0 (52.3-79.0) | 52 298 | 16.8 (8.2-31.2) | 50 544 | 16.2 (9.8-25.6) | |
| ≥75 000 | 483 160 | 21.9 (15.5-30.0) | 319 514 | 66.1 (50.8-78.7) | 45 321 | 9.4 (3.9-20.9) | 118 325 | 24.5 (13.5-40.2) | |
| Urbanicity | |||||||||
| Large metropolitan | 1 152 707 | 52.2 (46.3-58.1) | 690 354 | 59.9 (52.4-67.0) | 127 075 | 11.0 (6.4-18.5) | 335 278 | 29.1 (22.2-37.1) | .30 |
| Small metropolitan | 754 477 | 34.2 (28.9-40.0) | 394 378 | 52.3 (40.5-63.8) | 165 656 | 22.0 (15.4-30.3) | 194 443 | 25.8 (18.0-35.5) | |
| Nonmetropolitan | 298 985 | 13.6 (9.8-18.4) | 172 106 | 57.6 (38.1-74.9) | 43 849 | 14.7 (7.5-26.6) | 83 029 | 27.8 (14.6-46.4) | |
| Need | |||||||||
| Any OUDb | 1 700 870 | 77.1 (71.3-82.0) | 1 256 838 | 73.9 (67.9-79.1) | 150 072 | 8.8 (6.4-12.0) | 293 959 | 17.3 (12.6-23.3) | <.001 |
| Prescription OUD onlyb | 1 253 326 | 56.8 (51.0-62.5) | 1 049 077 | 83.7 (75.7-89.4) | 77 281 | 6.2 (3.2-11.5) | 126 968 | 10.1 (6.0-16.6) | <.001 |
| Heroin use disorder onlyb | 267 312 | 12.1 (8.9-16.3) | 157 826 | 59.0 (44.1-72.5) | 42 938 | 16.1 (7.2-32.2) | 66 548 | 24.9 (14.5-39.3) | |
| Co-occurring heroin/prescription OUDb | 180 232 | 8.2 (5.4-12.2) | 49 936 | 27.7 (13.8-47.9) | 29 853c | 16.6 (6.0-38.3) | 100 443 | 55.7 (35.2-74.5) | |
| Other co-occurring substance use disorderb | 1 764 273 | 80.0 (73.4-85.3) | 1 183 527 | 67.1 (60.8-72.8) | 219 392 | 12.4 (9.2-16.5) | 361 354 | 20.5 (14.8-27.6) | <.001 |
| Major depressive episode (≥18 y) | 852 697 | 38.6 (32.0-45.8) | 439 950 | 51.6 (41.8-61.3) | 129 214 | 15.2 (9.5-23.3) | 283 534 | 33.2 (24.4-43.4) | .27 |
Abbreviations: MOUD, medication for opioid use disorder; NA, not applicable; OUD, opioid use disorder.
Weighted No. is the survey-weighted sample size; unweighted N = 487; weighted column % indicates survey-weighted column percentage; weighted percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding. A callout of 18 years and older indicates the characteristic being restricted to adults 18 years and older. Other co-occurring substance use disorder includes 1 or more of the following past-year substance use disorders: alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, methamphetamine, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives, and psychedelics. Self-reported race and ethnicity included Hispanic/Latinx, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic other (eg, Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, or multiracial).
Design-based P less than .05 with Rao-Scott adjustment.
Lower bound of confidence interval for weighted sample estimate includes zero.