Table 4.
Comparison of external factors between three latent classes, and between OSNA positive and negative groups
| Total (n = 4,951) | The three latent classes | Spearman r | OSNA classification (cut-off: ≥23 for positive cases) | Spearman r | ||||||
| Low risk (n = 1,805) | Average-risk (n = 2,493) | High-risk (n = 653) | P † | Negative (n = 4,110) | Positive (n = 841) | P † | ||||
| Duration of online social networking use | ||||||||||
| <1 year | 1,018 (20.6) | 485 (26.9) | 430 (17.2) | 103 (15.8) | <0.001 | 0.093*** | 893 (21.7) | 125 (14.9) | <0.001 | 0.086*** |
| 1–2 years | 995 (20.1) | 332 (18.4) | 538 (21.6) | 125 (19.1) | 838 (20.4) | 157 (18.7) | ||||
| 2–3 years | 855 (17.3) | 292 (16.2) | 458 (18.4) | 105 (16.1) | 717 (17.4) | 138 (16.4) | ||||
| 3–4 years | 803 (16.2) | 263 (14.6) | 434 (17.4) | 106 (16.2) | 661 (16.1) | 142 (16.9) | ||||
| >4 years | 1,280 (25.8) | 433 (24.0) | 633 (25.4) | 214 (32.8) | 1,001 (24.4) | 279 (33.2) | ||||
| Number of days per week | ||||||||||
| ≤1 | 1,141 (23.0) | 642 (35.6) | 424 (17.0) | 75 (11.5) | <0.001 | 0.252*** | 1,057 (25.7) | 84 (10.0) | <0.001 | 0.183*** |
| 2–3 days | 1,913 (38.6) | 678 (37.6) | 1,018 (40.8) | 217 (33.2) | 1,614 (39.3) | 299 (35.6) | ||||
| 4–5 days | 616 (12.4) | 187 (10.4) | 343 (13.8) | 86 (13.2) | 506 (12.3) | 110 (13.1) | ||||
| ≥6 days | 1,281 (25.9) | 298 (16.5) | 708 (28.4) | 275 (42.1) | 933 (22.7) | 348 (41.4) | ||||
| Daily time spent on online social networking | ||||||||||
| <30 mins | 840 (17.0) | 514 (28.5) | 278 (11.2) | 48 (7.4) | <0.001 | 0.311*** | 782 (19.0) | 58 (6.9) | <0.001 | 0.245*** |
| 31–60 mins | 1,517 (30.6) | 628 (34.8) | 776 (31.1) | 113 (17.3) | 1,367 (33.3) | 150 (17.8) | ||||
| 1–2 hours | 1,289 (26.0) | 397 (22.0) | 727 (29.2) | 165 (25.3) | 1,063 (25.9) | 226 (26.9) | ||||
| 2–3 hours | 727 (14.7) | 155 (8.6) | 422 (16.9) | 150 (23.0) | 535 (13.0) | 192 (22.8) | ||||
| >3 hours | 578 (11.7) | 111 (6.1) | 290 (11.6) | 177 (27.1) | 363 (8.8) | 215 (25.6) | ||||
| Number of online social networking friends | ||||||||||
| ≤50 | 1,869 (37.7) | 807 (44.7) | 861 (34.5) | 201 (30.8) | <0.001 | 0.127*** | 1,618 (39.4) | 251 (29.8) | <0.001 | 0.104*** |
| 51–100 | 1,203 (24.3) | 429 (23.8) | 624 (25.0) | 150 (23.0) | 1,011 (24.6) | 192 (22.8) | ||||
| 101–200 | 1,079 (21.8) | 340 (18.8) | 601 (24.1) | 138 (21.1) | 887 (21.6) | 192 (22.8) | ||||
| 201–400 | 494 (10.0) | 131 (7.3) | 276 (11.1) | 87 (13.3) | 382 (9.3) | 112 (13.3) | ||||
| >400 | 306 (6.2) | 98 (5.4) | 131 (5.3) | 77 (11.8) | 212 (5.2) | 94 (11.2) | ||||
| Conflict with parents due to online social networking overuse | ||||||||||
| Never | 1,438 (29.0) | 827 (45.8) | 522 (20.9) | 89 (13.6) | <0.001 | 0.329*** | 1,333 (32.4) | 105 (12.5) | <0.001 | 0.265*** |
| Few | 1,954 (39.5) | 666 (36.9) | 1,098 (44.0) | 190 (29.1) | 1,708 (41.6) | 246 (29.3) | ||||
| Occasional | 1,190 (24.0) | 249 (13.8) | 683 (27.4) | 258 (39.5) | 863 (21.0) | 327 (38.9) | ||||
| Always | 369 (7.5) | 63 (3.5) | 190 (7.6) | 116 (17.8) | 206 (5.0) | 163 (19.4) | ||||
| OSNAI scale | ||||||||||
| SFUI | 18.1 ± 8.5 | 15.9 ± 8.8 | 18.7 ± 7.8 | 21.6 ± 8.8 | <0.001 | 0.218*** | 17.3 ± 8.2 | 22.0 ± 8.8 | <0.001 | 0.199*** |
| EFUI | 8.2 ± 3.2 | 7.4 ± 3.3 | 8.4 ± 2.9 | 9.4 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | 0.194*** | 7.9 ± 3.1 | 9.5 ± 3.3 | <0.001 | 0.178*** |
| Internet addiction | ||||||||||
| No | 4,621 (93.3) | 1,770 (98.1) | 2,356 (94.5) | 495 (75.8) | <0.001 | 0.227*** | 3,937 (96.6) | 650 (77.3) | <0.001 | 0.291*** |
| Yes | 330 (6.7) | 35 (1.9) | 137 (5.5) | 158 (24.2) | 139 (3.4) | 191 (22.7) | ||||
OSNA: Online Social Networking Addiction; OSNAI: Online Social Networking Activity Intensity; SFUI: Social Function Use Intensity; EFUI: Entertainment Function Use Intensity.
Spearman r: Spearman correlation coefficients.
†: P values were obtained by χ2 test for categorical variables, independent-sample t-test for two-group continuous variables, and one-way analysis of variance for three-group continuous variables.
***: P < 0.001 for Spearman correlation coefficients.