Table 2.
Characteristics of self-report instruments used in studies included in the meta-analysis
| Study name | Big Five personality | Smartphone use disorder | |||
| Questionnaire, # of items | Assessed traits | Reliability (α) | Questionnaire | Reliability (α) | |
| Andreassen et al. (2013) | NEO-FFI-R, 60 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.77–0.85 | MPAI | 0.84 |
| Augner & Hacker (2012) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | Not reported | Custom questionnaire | 0.90 |
| Cho et al. (2017) | Adapted NEO-PI-R, 25 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.65–0.86 | S-Scale | 0.77 |
| Cocoradă et al. (2018) | IPIP, 50 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.71–0.81 | SAS-SV | 0.86 |
| De Pasquale et al. (2019) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.40–0.73 | SAS-SV | 0.85 |
| Demirhan et al. (2016) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.70–0.75 | MPPUS | 0.90 |
| Ehrenberg et al. (2008) | NEO-FFI, 60 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.68–0.84 | Custom questionnaire | 0.69 |
| Ezoe et al. (2009) | NEO-FFI, 60 | E, N | Not reported | MPDQ | 0.86 |
| García-Oliva & Piqueras (2016) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | Not reported | CERM | 0.66 |
| Guazzini et al. (2019) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | Not reported | MPUAS | 0.78–0.86 |
| Herrero et al. (2019a) | BFI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | Not reported | SAPS | Not reported |
| Herrero et al. (2019b) | BFI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | ≥ 0.65 | SAPS | Not reported |
| Horwood & Anglim (2018) | IPIP, 300 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.89–0.96 | MPPUS | 0.91 |
| Hussain et al. (2017) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.29–0.69 | Custom questionnaire | 0.86 |
| Hwang & Jeong (2015) | BFI-S, 15 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.59–0.91 | Custom questionnaire | 0.90 |
| Kita & Luria (2018) | IPIP, 20 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.69–0.79 | SAS-SV | 0.79 |
| Kruger & Djerf (2017) | TIPI, 10 | O, C, E, A, N | Not reported | MPPUS | 0.82 |
| Lachmann et al. (2019) | NEO-FFI, 60 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.75–0.86 | SAS | 0.98 |
| Mitchell & Hussain (2018) | Mini Markers, 40 | E | 0.86 | Custom questionnaire | 0.86 |
| Peterka-Bonetta et al. (2019) | TSDI, 42 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.79–0.87 | SPAI | 0.95 |
| Pivetta et al. (2019) | BFI, 10 | C, E, N | 0.42–0.45 | PMPU-Q | 0.86 |
| Smetaniuk (2014) | IPIP, 50 | E, N | 0.72–0.93 | ACPAT, MPPUS | 0.96–0.96 |
| Takao (2014) | NEO FFI, 60 | O, C, E, A, N | Not reported | MPPUS | 0.9 |
| Trub & Barbot (2020) | BFI, 44 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.81–0.87 | PMPU | 0.80–0.87 |
| Volungis et al. (2019) | NEO FFI, 60 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.89 | SAS | 0.78–0.86 |
| Zhitomirsky-Geffet & Blau (2016) | BFI, 44 | O, C, E, A, N | 0.68–0.88 | SAS | 0.97 |
Note: O, Openness; C, Conscientiousness; E, Extraversion; A, Agreeableness; N, Neuroticism.