Table 3.

Meta-analytic correlations and heterogeneity statistics between smartphone use disorder and Big Five personality traits

Trait	Point estimate [95% CI]	Z	Q (df)	I 2	Ƭ 2	Ƭ
Openness	−0.08 [−0.12, −0.04]	−4.28**	74.45 (21)**	71.79	0.01	0.07
Conscientiousness	−0.16 [−0.20, −0.12]	−8.03**	95.70 (22)**	77.01	0.01	0.09
Extraversion	0.02 [−0.01, 0.06]	1.34	83.19 (25)**	69.95	0.01	0.07
Agreeableness	−0.06 [−0.09, −0.02]	3.08*	67.34 (21)**	68.16	<0.01	0.07
Neuroticism	0.25 [0.21, 0.29]	9.96**	102.58 (24)**	76.60	0.01	0.09

Note: *P < 0.01 **P < 0.001.