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. 2022 Mar 24;21:106. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03980-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Simulation study comparing hazards ratio of recrudescence for AL against DP in children < 5 years in Africa. A There were a median (across 1000 simulation runs) of 8% new infections in DP arm and 15% in AL arm representing areas of low transmission. B There were a median of 15% new infections in DP arm and 30% in AL arm representing areas of high transmission. In both simulation settings, approximately 4% recrudescence was observed by day 63 on AL and DP arm. Data for AL was simulated based on the estimated hazard function of recrudescence in children < 5 years Africa, and for DP regimen the data was simulated based on the hazard function for those who received piperaquine dose greater than 48 mg/kg (See Additional file 1 for the functions used for these simulations). The dotted horizontal line shows the line of no effect (hazard ratio = 1). The simulation assumed 500 patients per treatment arms. AL = artemether-lumefantrine; DP = dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine