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. 2022 Mar 24;41:107. doi: 10.1186/s13046-022-02297-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Histone modifications in HCC. A Schematic representation of DNA-histone protein complexes. Human chromosomal DNA is made by looped chromatin fibers, tightly coiled around nucleosomes. Each nucleosome is composed of DNA and eight histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 dimers). B Schematic representation of the nucleosome. The main PTMs (methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation) and their localization on the tails of the 4 main histones are reported. Enzymes involved in the mentioned modifications are listed in gray boxes. KMTs: Lysine Methyltransferases; KDMs: Lysine Demethylases; HATs: Histone Acetyltransferases; HDACs: Histone Deacetylases; E3s: E3 Ubiquitin Ligases; DUBs: Deubiquitinating enzymes. Created with BioRender.com (https://biorender.com7), accessed 10 Feb. 2022