Table 1.
Study characteristics
| First author, year | Country | Enrolment period | Design | Population | n SAB patients | % MRSA | % Persistent bacteremia | Timing PET-CT | Additional diagnostic procedures1 | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vos 2010 [17] | The Netherlands |
Prospective cohort: 2005–2008 Historical control group: 2000–2004 |
Prospective cohort study with historical controls |
Prospective cohort: Adult patients with high-risk SAB who received PET-CT Historical control group: Adult patients with high-risk SAB who did not receive PET-CT |
Prospective cohort: 73 Historical controls: 146 |
Unknown | NR |
Median 7 days. Mean 6.8 days Maximum 14 days For SAB specific unknown |
NR | 3 month infection relapse, 3 month mortality |
| Berrevoets 2017 [19] | The Netherlands | 2013–2016 | Retrospective cohort study | Consecutive SAB cases. In intervention group 99/105 patients with high-risk bacteremia |
Intervention: 105 Control: 79 |
2.7% |
Intervention: 33% Control: 16% |
Median 8.0 days Mean 8.7 days |
Only reported in patients with high-risk bacteremia Echocardiography in 20 patients (41%) in intervention group and 90 (91%) patients in control group with high-risk bacteremia |
3 month mortality, 3 month infection relapse in high-risk SAB subgroup |
| Berrevoets 2019 [20] | The Netherlands | 2013–2017 | Retrospective cohort study |
Cases: High-risk SAB with no metastatic infections on PET-CT and normal echocardiography Controls: SAB without risk factors and no known metastatic disease |
Cases: 36 Controls: 40 |
0% |
Cases: 17% Controls: 0% |
Mean 8.4 days | Echocardiography in 36 cases (100%) and 10 controls (25%) | 3 month mortality, 3 month SAB specific mortality, 3 month infection relapse |
| Yildiz 2019 [18] | Belgium | 2014–2017 | Retrospective cohort study | Adult patients with high-risk SAB |
Intervention: 48 Control: 54 |
5.9% | NR | Within 7 days | TTE in all patients in intervention and control group. TEE in 47 patients (98%) in intervention group and 41 (76%) in control group | 1 month mortality, 3 month mortality, one-year mortality, new diagnostic findings related to SAB |
| Ghanem-Zoubi 2020 [15] | Israel | 2015–2019 | Prospective cohort study | Adult patients with SAB |
Intervention: 149 Control: 150 |
Intervention: 23% Control: 22% |
Intervention: 29% Control: 17% |
Median 11 days | TEE in 133 patients (89%)in intervention group and 90 (61%) in control group | 1 month mortality, 3 month mortality, 6 month mortality, 6 month infection relapse, any intervention after bacteremia, duration of appropriate antibiotic treatment |
NR not reported; PET-CT, [18F]FDG-PET/CT; SAB Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia; TTE transthoracic echocardiography; TEE transesophageal echocardiography
1Performance of conventional radiological techniques was reported in none of the studies