Fig. 1.

Represents the application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and CRISPR/Cas9 in personalised medicine: A Cancer can be diagnosed without non-invasive biopsy samples with the help of circulation biomarkers (liquid biopsy) like cell free DNA and cancer stem cells. B The advancement of NGS has helped in identification of various mutation in the cancer cells that cannot be identified by other methods like PCR. This helps in personalising the treatment for cancer. C CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool locates the mutated gene and modifies it by creating double strand breaks which is corrected by non-homologous end joining or homology directed repair which is now being studied for personalised oncology