Table 2.
Organic drug delivery NCs in cancer therapy
| Material | Description of carrier | Material advantage | Specificity | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liposomes | Liposomal doxorubicin | Improved delivery to site of disease; decrease in systemic toxicity of free drug | Ovarian cancer; multiple myeloma | [99] |
| Liposomes | Liposomal daunorubicin | Improved delivery to tumor site; lower systemic toxicity arising from side effects | Karposi’s sarcoma | [100] |
| Liposomes | Genistein and plumbagin encapsulated nanoliposomes | Inhibition of cell metabolism | In vitro and in vivo prostate cancer | [101] |
| Liposomes | Folate-conjugated bovine serum albumin bound paclitaxel NPs | Increased solubility, cellular uptake; targeted specificity | Prostate cancer cells | [102] |
| Protein-based | Alpha mangostin loaded crosslinked silk fibroin-based NPs | Physicochemically stable, increased the drug's solubility | Colorectal and breast cancer | [85] |
| Protein-based | Noscapine-loaded human serum albumin NPs | High drug-loading efficiency (85–96%) and delivery of maximum quantity of drug to the tumor site | Breast cancer cells | [103] |
| Protein-based | Plasmid cDNA (pGL3) polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated HSA NPs | Enhance endosomal escape | In vitro gene delivery application | [104] |
| Micelles | Polymeric methoxy-PEG-poly(D,L-lactide) micelle formulation of paclitaxel | Improved delivery to site of disease; decrease in systemic toxicity of free drug | Breast cancer; ovarian cancer | [91] |
| Micelles | Folate-PEG/Hyd-curcumin/C18-g-polysuccinimide | pH sensitive drug release | Colon cancer | [105] |
| Micelles | PEGylated prodrug nano-micelles | Glucose-sensitive | In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity | [106] |
| Polymeric Micelles | CD44v6-targeted polymeric micelles (PM) loaded with niclosmide | Increase drug safety | Efficacy against colorectal stem cells | [107] |
| Self-assembly | Aptamer-tethered DNA assembly | Stronger targeting ability, higher cellular uptake | Cancer cell imaging | [108] |
| Self-assembly | DNA-aptamer conjugated RNA-triple helix hydrogel | Efficient cellular uptake and enhanced nuclease resistance with superior biocompatibility | Triple negative breast cancer detection and treatment | [109] |
| Self-assembly | Folate-modified MPEG-PCL | Improved bioavailability, low toxicity, sustained drug release | Colorectal cancer mice model | [110] |
| Self-assembly | Folate receptor-targeted β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) | Biosafety, bioavailability, and improve curcumin drug loading capacity | Cervical cancer, fibroblast cells | [111] |