Table 2.
Pooled main, added, and vaccine effects with tests for heterogeneity (p-value) across countries under the strict and weak intervention and different vaccine coverage (0%, 10%, and 20%) in 22 countries during pandemic.
| Vaccination coverage rate (%) | Intensity of intervention | Effect | Case growth rate |
Death growth rate |
Excess mortality |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | Test for heterogeneity | RR (95% CI:) | Test for heterogeneity | RR (95% CI) | Test for heterogeneity | |||
| 0 | Weak (≥ 60th and 7 days) | Main effect | 0.94 (0.89–1.01) | P < 0.01 | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | P = 0.38 | 1.28 (1.11–1.47) | P < 0.01 |
| Added effect | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | P < 0.01 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | P < 0.01 | 0.91 (0.83–1.01) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Vaccine effect | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | P < 0.01 | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | P < 0.01 | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Strict (≥ 80th and 21 days) | Main effect | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | P = 0.90 | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | P < 0.01 | 1.25 (1.11–1.41) | P < 0.01 | |
| Added effect | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | P = 0.05 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | P = 0.18 | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Vaccine effect | 1.08 (1.03–1.14) | P < 0.01 | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | P < 0.01 | 0.84 (0.77–0.92) | P < 0.01 | ||
| 10 | Weak (≥ 60th and 7 days) | Main effect | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | P = 0.01 | 0.98 (0.85–1.14) | P = 0.38 | 1.12 (0.98–1.27) | P < 0.01 |
| Added effect | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | P < 0.01 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | P = 0.12 | 0.89 (0.80–0.98) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Vaccine effect | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | P < 0.01 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | P < 0.01 | 0.95 (0.91–1.01) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Strict (≥ 80th and 21 days) | Main effect | 0.90 (0.86–0.95) | P = 1.00 | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | P = 0.22 | 1.07 (0.93–1.24) | P < 0.01 | |
| Added effect | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | P = 0.04 | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | P = 0.08 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Vaccine effect | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | P < 0.01 | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | P < 0.01 | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | P < 0.01 | ||
| 20 | Weak (≥ 60th and 7 days) | Main effect | 0.94 (0.86–1.03) | P < 0.01 | 0.97 (0.89–1.06) | P = 0.49 | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | P < 0.01 |
| Added effect | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | P < 0.01 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | P = 0.13 | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Vaccine effect | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | P < 0.01 | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) | P < 0.01 | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Strict (≥ 80th and 21 days) | Main effect | 0.92 (0.88–0.97) | P = 1.00 | 0.93 (0.87–1.00) | P = 0.45 | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | P < 0.01 | |
| Added effect | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | P = 0.17 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | P = 0.10 | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | P < 0.01 | ||
| Vaccine effect | 1.04 (0.99–1.10) | P < 0.01 | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | P < 0.01 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | P < 0.01 | ||