Table 2.
Qualitative studies of men's engagement in HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa meeting inclusion criteria for meta‐synthesis (N = 40)
| Population | Country | Dates | Sample size | Male sample size | Component of HIV care continuum | Quality criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams et al. (2017) | Men with and without HIV and men with unknown status | Swaziland | 2013–2014 | 76 | 76 | Testing and treatment linkage, including Test and Start | All criteria met |
| Adeabgo et al. (2019) | People ages 18–79 | South Africa | 2017–2018 | 32 | 32 | Testing and treatment linkage | Criteria partially met |
| Brown et al. (2019) | Men with HIV | Kenya and Uganda | 2015–2016 | 190 | 190 | Retention in care, including intervention strategies | All criteria met |
| Camlin et al. (2016) | Men with and without HIV and men with unknown status | Kenya and Uganda | 2014 | 111 | 111 | Testing, including barriers and intervention strategies | All criteria met |
| Chikovore et al. (2016) | Men with and without HIV and men with unknown status ages 17–70 | South Africa | 2013 | 20 | 10 | Treatment as prevention | All criteria met |
| Conserve et al. (2019) | Men with unknown status ages 20–51 | Tanzania | 2015 | 146 | 23 | Testing, including barriers and intervention strategies | All criteria met |
| Daniels et al. (2019) | Men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV | South Africa | 2013, 2017 and 2018 | 20 | 16 | Antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence | Criteria partially met |
| DiCarlo et al. (2014) | Men with known and unknown HIV status ages 24–57 | Lesotho | 2011 | 230 | 30 | Testing, including barriers and intervention strategies | Criteria partially met |
| Fleming et al. (2016) | People who participated in gender and health equality‐based intervention ages 17–75 | South Africa | 2010 | 60 | 60 | Overall HIV care engagement, including testing | All criteria met |
| Graham et al. (2018) | MSM with HIV ages 19–51 | Kenya | 2013–2014 | 30 | 30 | Overall care engagement, including ART adherence | Criteria partially met |
| Hendrickson et al. (2019) | People with unknown status, with various levels of treatment engagement ages 25–49 | Côte d'Ivoire | 2016 | 227 | 227 | ART use | Criteria partially met |
| Hill et al. (2018) | People with and without HIV ages 18–49 | South Africa | 2012–2014 | 25 | 25 | Testing and treatment | All criteria met |
| Jennings et al. (2017) | Men who socialize at “camps” ages 20–51 | Tanzania | 2015 | 23 | 23 | Self‐testing | All criteria met |
| Krakowiak et al. (2020) | Heterosexual couples with a median age of 28 years for men | Kenya | 2015 | 42 | 21 | Home‐based couple testing | All criteria met |
| Lavender et al. (2019) | Pregnant or postpartum women and male partners ages 20–48 | Malawi and Kenya | 2016–2017 | 76 | 36 | Testing for antenatal partner | All criteria met |
| Mak et al. (2016) | Household community members age 15–49 | Swaziland | 2011–2012 | 33 | 33 | Utilization of HIV services, including testing | All criteria met |
| Mantell et al. (2019) | Men who are actively participating in clinic‐based community ART refill groups age 18+ | Zimbabwe | 2017 | 147 | 118 | ART refill groups | Criteria partially met |
| Martinez Perez et al. (2016) | People who denied HIV counselling and testing, couples who received counselling and testing, and HIV‐caregivers age 20–41 | South Africa | 2014–2015 | 20 | 9 | Home self‐testing | All criteria met |
| Mburu et al. (2014) | People with HIV, their household members and healthcare providers age 30–64 | Uganda | 2010 | 65 | 40 | Overall HIV care engagement and stigma | All criteria met |
| Micheni et al. (2017) | MSM age 18+ with a mean of 39 | Kenya | 2013–2014 | 29 | 14 | ART adherence | All criteria met |
| Mooney et al. (2017) | Men with and without HIV with various levels of care engagement age 18–49 | South Africa | 2015 | 25 | 25 | Treatment as prevention | All criteria met |
| Naugle et al. (2019) | Men with HIV and men with unknown HIV status age 25–49 | Côte d'Ivoire | 2016 | 227 | 227 | Testing and treatment | Criteria partially met |
| Ndyabakira et al. (2019) | Men living in rural areas age 18–45+ | Uganda | 2016 | 60 | 60 | Testing | All criteria met |
| Ogunbajo et al. (2018) | MSM with HIV age 18+ | Ghana | 2015 | 30 | 30 | Overall HIV care engagement | All criteria met |
| Okal et al. (2020) | Men with HIV and health counsellors age 20–54 | Kenya | 2018 | 38 | 30 | Testing | Criteria partially met |
| Orr et al. (2017) | Men age 18–44 | South Africa | .. | 97 | 97 | Testing and treatment initiation | Criteria partially met |
| Osingada et al. (2019) | Male football fans age 19–71 | Uganda | 2018 | 50 | 50 | Testing | Criteria partially met |
| Rankin‐Williams et al. (2017) | Married subsistence farmers ages 23–50 | Malawi | 2014–2015 | 50 | 50 | Testing | All criteria met |
| Rosen et al. (2020) | Fisherman with HIV ages 29–46 | Uganda | 2017–2018 | 25 | 15 | ART sharing | All criteria met |
| Russell et al. (2019) | Low‐income people ages 30–74, some with HIV | Uganda | 2011–2012 | 38 | 18 | Treatment adherence | All criteria met |
| Sandfort et al. (2015) | MSM age 20–39, some with HIV | South Africa | 2014 | 81 | 81 | Testing | All criteria met |
| Schatz et al. (2018) | People with HIV ages 50–80 | South Africa | 2016–2017 | 21 | 11 | Testing | All criteria met |
| Sileo et al. (Qualitative…) (2019a) | Fisherfolk with HIV on ART ages 20–50 | Uganda | 2016–2017 | 30 | 30 | Treatment adherence | All criteria met |
| Sileo et al. (Masculinity…) (2019b) | Fisherfolk with HIV on ART ages 20–50 | Uganda | 2016–2017 | 30 | 30 | Overall HIV care engagement | All criteria met |
| Skovdal et al. (2019) | Family members of men who died from HIV |
Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe |
2015–2016 | 26 | 26 | HIV treatment engagement | All criteria met |
| Tibbels et al. (2019) | Men with HIV and men with unknown status age 25–49 | Cote d'Ivoire | 2016 | 227 | 227 | Overall HIV care engagement | All criteria met |
| Tsang et al. (2019) | Male sex workers and MSM ages 19–38 | Zimbabwe | 2016–2017 | 15 | 15 | MSM testing | All criteria met |
| Van Heerden et al. (2015) | Men ages 18–37 with unknown HIV status | South Africa | 2011–2012 | 20 | 10 | Testing | All criteria met |
| Wamoyi et al. (2017) | Men with HIV with various levels of care engagement | South Africa | 2015–2016 | 107 | 55 | Overall HIV care engagement | Criteria partially met |
| Zissette et al. (2016) | Men ages 24–80 with HIV on ART | South Africa | 2014 | 21 | 21 | Overall HIV care engagement | All criteria met |