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. 2022 Mar 23;42(12):2503–2515. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0934-21.2022

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Copyright © 2022 Helakari et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 3. — Spectral entropy of MREG decreases in line with increased amount of NREM sleep. a, EEG sleep state data show that the amount and depth of sleep both increase as a function of scan segment. b, Visual cortex SE_ROI spectral entropy of region of interest (visual cortex, SE_ROI) of MREG data predicts sleep and wakefulness across subjects (n = 12). Results indicate linear declines both in EEG sleep state and MREG SE_ROI values as a function of scan segment in the experiment. c, Spectral entropy decreased significantly in posterior brain areas (p < 0.05, df 11). d, The SE_ROI showed a drop in all subjects in the transition from wakefulness to EEG-verified sleep states in S₂. e, The receiver operating curve (ROC) curve of SE_ROI data indicate high accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88 (p < 0.0001), in the ability to distinguish sleep (n = 30 Sleep segments) from awake data (n = 30 Awake segments). The model has a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 77%. p-value, p; Correlation coefficient, r; Montreal Neurologic Institute, MNI; Confidence interval, Cl.