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Effects of 4,5−diCQA on rat primary chondrocyte viability. (A) Chemical formula of 4,5−diCQA (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4_5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic-acid, accessed on 20 November 2021). (B) Cells were treated with 4,5-diCQA (10, 20, 40, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h, and viability was determined by MTT assay. Cells incubated without 4,5-diCQA were used as controls and were considered 100% viable. Data are represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.
