Fig. 1.

Social stimuli modulate subsequent fear recall in a sex-dependent manner. (A) Schematic representation of the behavioral schedule. (B and D) Freezing levels during a 5-min fear recall test for males (B) and females (D). Males: one-way ANOVAF_{(7, 132)} = 3.841, P = 0.0008; Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparisons: ***P = 0.0011 for neutral vs. juvenile intruder; **P = 0.0114 for neutral vs. one-way mirror. Females: one-way ANOVAF_{(3, 67)} = 2.626, P = 0.0575. (C and E) Difference scores, defined as [(freezing in recall test) − (freezing in generalization test)]/(freezing in recall test) for males (C) and females (E). Males: Kruskal–Wallis statistic = 17.40, *P = 0.0150; Dunn’s multiple comparisons: **P = 0.0041 for neutral vs. opaque. Females: ANOVAF_{(3, 67)} = 1.691, P = 0.1773. Boxes extend from the 25th to 75th percentiles, lines show medians, and whiskers extend from minimum to maximum. See also SI Appendix, Figs. S2 and S3.