Table 2.
Concentration of targeted polar compounds (mg/g dried residue) in E. spinosus L. extracts (mean ± SD, n = 3).
| Compound | Identification a | Extract (mg/g Dried Residue) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stems | Roots | Flowers | Leaves | ||
| Hydroxy cinnamic acid derivatives | 135.28 ± 1.42 | 330.20 ± 0.98 | 105.95 ± 0.41 | 284.86 ± 2.9 | |
| Neochlorogenic acid (NCGA, 3-CQA) | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | 1.54 ± 0.22 | 2.19 ± 0.14 | 1.51 ± 0.07 | 4.77 ± 0.57 |
| Chlorogenic acid (CGA, 5-CQA) | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | 22.56 ± 0.25 | 46.01 ± 0.56 | 17.18 ± 0.34 | 74.30 ± 1.92 |
| Dicaffeoyl altraric acid b | UV-Vis, MS | 4.14 ± 4.24 | 35.95 ±0.02 | 1.10 ± 0.02 | 3.83 ± 0.12 |
| Dicaffeoylquinic acid (diCQA) b | UV-Vis, MS | 2.71 ± 0.13 | 6.68 ± 0.19 | 0.29 ± 0.01 | 1.76 ± 0.08 |
| 3,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid b | UV-Vis, MS | 4.58 ± 0.01 | 16.18 ± 0.72 | 10.34 ± 0.01 | 3.69 ± 0.1 |
| 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | 44.13 ± 2.69 | 93.11± 3.13 | 45.50 ± 1.25 | 68.79 ± 0.22 |
| 4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid b | UV-Vis, MS | 40.57 ± 1.15 | 91.12 ± 1.34 | 29.26 ± 0.54 | 104.85 ± 9.02 |
| Tricaffeoyl-altraric acid b | UV-Vis, MS | 6.84 ± 0.32 | 38.97 ± 1.32 | 0.76 ± 0.07 | 5.94 ± 0.5 |
| Coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acid c | UV-Vis, MS | 8.22 ± 0.64 | tr | tr | 17.44 ± 0.34 |
| Flavonoids | tr | 3.98 ± 0.21 | 21.32 ± 0.08 | 8.55 ± 0.07 | |
| Apigenin-6-arabinoside-8-galactosided | UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 1.87 ± 0.01 | nd |
| Apigenin 6-arabinoside-8-glucoside d | UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 0.92 ± 0.01 | nd |
| Luteolin-7-O-glucoside | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | tr | tr | 1.91 ± 0.01 | tr |
| Quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 1.65 ± 0.23 | nd |
| Apigenin-7-O-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside) isomer d | UV-Vis, MS | tr | tr | 1.32 ± 0.01 | 3.68 ± 0.05 |
| Apigenin-7-O-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside) isomer d | UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 1.81± 0.01 | 2.07 ± 0.02 |
| Hesperetin-7-rutinoside (Hesperidin) | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | tr | tr | 3.00 ± 0.07 | tr |
| Naringenin-coumaroyl-glucoside f | UV-Vis, MS | tr | tr | 4.01 ± 0.23 | 1.36 ± 0.02 |
| Hispidulin | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | tr | 3.98 ± 0.21 | nd | nd |
| Luteolin ara-glu/glu-ara e | UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 0.94 ± 0.03 | nd |
| Apigenin glucosidated d | UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 3.02 ± 0.02 | 1.44 ± 0.06 |
| Naringenin | Rt, UV-Vis, MS | nd | nd | 0.88 ± 0.03 | nd |
| Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | 2.46 ± 0.001 | 2.90 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 5.52 ± 0.01 | |
| Protocatecuic acid hexoside g | UV-Vis, MS | 1.31 ± 0.04 | 2.90 ± 0.08 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 2.66 ± 0.1 |
| Shimobashiraside C g | UV-Vis, MS | 1.15 ± 0.04 | tr | tr | 2.86 ± 0.09 |
a: Rt, comparison with retention time of pure standard; UV-Vis, comparison with UV-VIS spectra of pure compound or similar pure standards; MS, MS/MS spectra fragmentation patterns reported in the literature as described in Table 1. b: Determined with the calibration curve of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. c: Determined with the calibration curve of chlorogenic acid. d: Determined with the calibration curve of apigenin-7-O-glucoside. e: Determined with the calibration curve of luteolin-7-O-glucoside. f: Determined with the naringenin calibration curve. g: Determined with the protocatechuic acid calibration curve. The results are reported as mean value ± standard deviation (n = 3); nd: not detected (<LOD); tr, traces (<LOQ).