Table 6.
Serum and plasma biochemistry of lactating cows fed a TMR without supplementation (control, 0 g/d), or supplemented with 200, 400 or 600 g/d amla fruit doses.
| Item | Fresh Amla Fruit Doses Supplemented g/Day | Treatment by Dose, p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 200 | 400 | 600 | SE | Linear | Quadratic | Cubic | |
| Serum blood chemistry | ||||||||
| β-hydroxybutyrate | 0.22 | 0.27 (0.18) |
0.25 (0.26) |
0.29 (0.23) |
0.03 0.04 |
0.26 | 0.89 | 0.35 |
| Glucose | 70.2 | 85.6 (67.0) |
84.5 (71.4) |
76.5 (72.0) |
4.1 3.8 |
0.27 | <0.01 | 0.61 |
| Non-esterified fatty acid | 0.30 | 0.31 (0.37) |
0.23 (0.30) |
0.33 (0.23) |
0.04 0.05 |
0.88 | 0.28 | 0.23 |
| Triglycerides | 0.12 | 0.12 (0.11) |
0.10 (0.13) |
0.11 (0.13) |
0.02 0.02 |
0.44 | 0.68 | 0.36 |
| Total cholesterol | 5.17 | 5.47 (5.00) |
5.95 (5.36) |
4.51 (5.16) |
0.34 0.42 |
0.26 | 0.01 | 0.19 |
| Total protein | 55.3 | 58.2 (53.1) |
65.9 (56.7) |
43.8 (56.3) |
2.3 2.5 |
0.01 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Albumin (A) | 22.8 | 20.5 (21.2) |
31.4 (24.1) |
21.8 (23.2) |
1.2 1.5 |
0.14 | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Globulin (G) | 32.5 | 37.8 (31.9) |
34.4 (32.5) |
19.4 (33.1) |
2.3 2.4 |
<0.001 | <0.001 | 0.78 |
| A/G ratio | 0.74 | 0.56 (0.68) |
1.06 (0.79) |
1.21 (0.74) |
0.10 0.17 |
<0.001 | 0.13 | 0.06 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase | 10.7 | 9.38 (11.0) |
9.79 (10.8) |
9.79 (10.3) |
0.44 0.50 |
0.23 | 0.15 | 0.31 |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase | 13.7 | 16.2 (11.0) |
16.0 (15.2) |
17.1 (14.7) |
1.5 1.6 |
0.12 | 0.65 | 0.57 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 11.0 | 14.8 (10.5) |
11.4 (11.0) |
12.0 (11.5) |
1.4 1.8 |
0.94 | 0.28 | 0.11 |
| Plasma blood chemistry | ||||||||
| Creatine | 59.4 | 60.0 (58.8) |
59.1 (59.0) |
59.9 (61.0) |
2.9 2.5 |
0.96 | 0.98 | 0.83 |
| Lactic acid | 0.93 | 1.10 (1.01) |
0.85 (0.79) |
0.90 (0.98) |
0.07 0.07 |
0.30 | 0.41 | 0.04 |
| Uric acid | 47.0 | 50.9 (46.1) |
50.1 (46.9) |
50.7 (49.2) |
2.3 4.7 |
0.27 | 0.48 | 0.60 |