Table 7.
Plasma and milk antioxidant capacity of lactating cows (n = 8) fed a TMR without supplementation (control, 0 g/d), or supplemented with 200, 400 or 600 g/d amla fruit doses.
| Item | Fresh Amla Fruit Doses Supplemented g/Day | Treatment by Dose, p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 200 | 400 | 600 | SE | Linear | Quadratic | Cubic | |
| Plasma | ||||||||
| Malondialdehyde (MDA) | 12.6 | 12.1 (14.0) |
12.8 (12.5) |
11.6 (13.7) |
1.1 0.97 |
0.61 | 0.76 | 0.57 |
| Nitric oxide (NO) | 10.5 | 10.8(9.55) | 10.5(11.8) | 6.07(10.1) | 1.1 1.2 |
<0.01 | 0.04 | 0.51 |
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) | 22.4 | 20.5(22.2) | 25.2(22.1) | 24.1(22.7) | 0.92 0.78 |
0.01 | 0.63 | <0.01 |
| Milk | ||||||||
| Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) | 0.97 | 1.00 (0.95) |
1.09 (1.02) |
1.09 (1.05) |
0.05 0.06 |
<0.01 | 0.65 | 0.32 |
| ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) | 0.62 | 0.49 (0.53) |
0.75 (0.65) |
0.57 (0.68) |
0.03 0.04 |
0.43 | 0.45 | <0.001 |
| Flavonoid | 42.9 | 63.0 (44.5) |
66.7 (48.7) |
36.7 (35.5) |
3.1 3.5 |
0.32 | <0.001 | 0.32 |
| Ascorbic | 0.03 | 0.04 (0.03) |
0.06 (0.03) |
0.03 (0.03) |
0.01 0.01 |
0.49 | 0.01 | 0.15 |