Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| Variable | Healthy (n = 80) |
MCI-AD (n = 106) |
MD-AD (n = 70) |
AD-AD (n = 11) |
Non-AD (n = 20) |
p Value (Kruskal-Wallis Test) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (years, median (IQR)) | 63 (61–68) | 70 (67–74) | 71 (67–74) | 66 (70–73) | 65 (59–71) | <0.01 | |
| Gender (female (%)) | 44 (55%) | 61 (57.5%) | 46 (65.7%) | 7 (63.6%) | 11 (55%) | 0.70 | |
| Level of education n (%) |
Basic Secondary University |
22 (27.5%) 21 (26.3%) 37 (46.3%) |
59 (55.7%) 23 (21.7%) 24 (22.6%) |
41 (58.6%) 16 (22.9%) 13 (18.6%) |
9 (81.8%) 1 (9.1%) 1 (9.1%) |
14 (70%) 3 (15%) 3 (15%) |
<0.01 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||
| β-Amyloid-42 (pg·mL−1, median (IQR)) | 1201 (942.75–1439.75) | 597 (471.05–709.07) | 574 (444.75–648.50) | 636 (601.76–708.88) | 982 (858–1647) | <0.01 | |
| t-tau (pg·mL−1, median (IQR)) | 224 (173.25–304) | 583 (432.50–773.50) | 621 (448.50–945.50) | 699 (473–936) | 289 (205–376) | <0.01 | |
| p-tau (pg·mL−1, median (IQR)) | 36 (28–47.25) | 90 (70.50–109.50) | 88.50 (73–144) | 95 (73–122) | 40 (32–61) | <0.01 | |
| ADCS-ADL-MCI (median (IQR)) | 47 (43–50.75) | 41 (31–46) | 36 (24–42) | 29.50 (3–34.50) | 29 (22.50–40.75) | <0.01 | |
| CDR (median (IQR)) | 0 (0–0) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 1 (0.5–1) | 2 (2–3) | 1 (0.5–1) | <0.01 | |
| FAQ (median (IQR)) | 0 (0–2) | 4 (1–7) | 13 (10–17.25) | 21 (14–25) | 11.50 (8–21) | <0.01 | |
| MMSE (median (IQR)) | 29 (28–30) | 25 (22–27.25) | 20 (17.75–24) | 14 (12–19) | 23 (18–25) | <0.01 | |
| RBANS.DM (median (IQR)) | 100 (95–106) | 52 (40–75) | 40 (40–49) | 40 (40–44) | 58 (45–78) | <0.01 | |
t-tau: total tau; p-tau: phosphorylated tau; ADCS-ADL-MACI: AD Co-operative Study ADL Scale for Mild Cognitive Impairment; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating; FAQ: Functionality Assessment Questionnaire; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (DM: delayed memory; A: attention; L: learning; VC: visuospatial/constructional; IM: immediate memory).