Table 1.
Summary of studies evaluating MPO-mediated protein oxidation in humans.
| Study | Subjects | Sample Type | 3-Chlorotyrosine/Tyrosine (µmol/mol) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zheng et al. [14] | Healthy (n = 44) | plasma protein | 1.6 (0.6–2.4) | |
| Coronary vascular disease (n = 45) | plasma protein | 1.9 (1.3–3.1) | 0.070 | |
| Healthy (n = 44) | plasma apoA-I | 186 (114–339) | ||
| Coronary vascular disease (n = 45) | plasma apoA-I | 500 (335–650) | <0.001 | |
| Aorta (n = 10) | total protein | 63 (25–128) | ||
| Aorta (n = 10) | apoA-I | 678 (299–1311) | <0.001 | |
| Aortic atherosclerotic tissue (n = 22) | total protein | 232 (111–431) | ||
| Aortic atherosclerotic tissue (n = 22) | apoA-I | 3930 (1679–7005) | <0.001 | |
| Bergt et al. [13] | Healthy (n = 8) | plasma HDL | 3 ± 2 | |
| Coronary artery disease (n = 9) | plasma HDL | 39 ± 7 | <0.0001 | |
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 17) | plasma HDL | 22 ± 7 | ||
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 10) | lesion HDL | 177 ± 27 | 0.0001 | |
| Study | Subjects | Sample Type | Homocitrulline/lysine (µmol/mol) | p |
| Wang et al. [39] | Healthy (n = 300) | plasma protein | 0.11 (0.00–0.52) | |
| Coronary artery disease (n = 137) | plasma protein | 0.3 (0.02–0.80) | <0.001 | |
| Peripheral artery disease (n = 62) | plasma protein | 0.33 (0.0–0.95) | <0.001 | |
| Coronary and Peripheral artery disease (n = 49) |
plasma protein | 0.39 (0.15–0.96) | <0.001 | |
| Control, event-free (n = 275) | plasma protein | 0.18 (0.00–0.84) | ||
| Revascularization (n = 224) | plasma protein | 0.33 (0.02–0.93) | <0.001 | |
| Myocardial infarction or stroke (n = 38) | plasma protein | 0.33 (0.04–0.84) | <0.001 | |
| Death (n = 55) | plasma protein | 0.34 (0.03–0.94) | <0.001 | |
| Holzer et al. [74] | Atherosclerotic patients (n = 5) | plasma HDL | 215 ± 27 | |
| Healthy control vessel (n = 5) | lesion HDL | 229 ± 32 | ||
| Atherosclerotic lesion, Type I (n = 5) | lesion HDL | 1098 ± 189 | 0.001 | |
| Atherosclerotic lesion, Type II/III (n = 5) | lesion HDL | 1238 ± 84 | 0.0002 | |
| Atherosclerotic lesion, Type IV/V (n = 5) | lesion HDL | 2270 ± 283 | <0.0001 | |
| Study | Subjects | Sample Type | 3-NO2-Tyrosine (µmol/mol) | p |
| Pennathur et al. [76] | Healthy (n = 5) | total protein | 8 ± 6 | |
| Healthy (n = 5) | plasma HDL | 57 ± 10 | 0.010 | |
| Healthy (n = 8) | plasma HDL | 68 ± 7 | ||
| Coronary vascular disease (n = 9) | plasma HDL | 136 ± 11 | <0.01 | |
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 17) | plasma HDL | 104 ± 39 | ||
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 10) | lesion HDL | 619 ± 178 | <0.01 | |
| Zheng et al. [16] | Healthy (n = 44) | plasma protein | 6 (4–8) | |
| Coronary vascular disease (n = 45) | plasma protein | 9 (6–13) | <0.001 | |
| Healthy (n = 44) | plasma apoA-I | 438 (335–598) | ||
| Coronary vascular disease (n = 45) | plasma apoA-I | 629 (431–876) | 0.005 | |
| Human aorta (n = 10) | total protein | 55 (24–143) | ||
| Human aorta (n = 10) | lesion apoA-I | 401 (185–637) | <0.001 | |
| Aortic atherosclerotic tissue (n = 22) | total protein | 108 (51–346) | ||
| Aortic atherosclerotic tissue (n = 22) | lesion apoA-I | 2340 (1665–5050) | <0.001 | |
| Shao et al. [77] | Atherosclerotic patients (n = 11) | plasma HDL | 19 ± 13 | |
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 8) | lesion HDL | 242 ± 160 | 0.006 | |
| Study | Subjects | Sample Type | 3-NO2-Tyrosine166 (% of Total) | p |
| DiDonato et al. [78] |
Healthy (n = 5) | plasma protein | 0.14 ± 0.02 | |
| Healthy (n = 5) | plasma HDL | n.d. | ||
| Healthy (n = 5) | plasma LPD | 0.13 ± 0.02 | ||
| Healthy (n = 5) | plasma apoA-I | 0.12 ± 0.18 | n.r. | |
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 5) | tissue protein | 7.79 ± 5.57 | ||
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 5) | lesion HDL | 0.23 ± 0.37 | ||
| Atherosclerotic patients (n = 5) | lesion LPD | 9.05 ± 4.86 | n.r. |
LPD, lipoprotein-deficient fraction; n.r., not reported.