Table 4.
Serum antioxidant indicators of calves among different groups (N = 9 per group).
| Treatment | p-Value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Items | CON | 1%Gln | 2%Gln | 3%Gln | 4%Gln | SEM | T | T × D | Linear | Quadratic |
| T-AOC, U/mL | ||||||||||
| 0 d | 23.3 | 22.2 | 23.3 | 26.8 | 24.6 | 2.39 | 0.70 | 0.77 | 0.78 | |
| 7 d | 23.2 | 28.0 | 28.6 | 26.1 | 26.7 | 2.91 | 0.32 | 0.07 | 0.80 | |
| 14 d | 20.9 | 27.5 | 26.1 | 23.9 | 26.7 | 1.79 | 0.09 | 0.19 | 0.09 | |
| 16 d | 18.6 | 24.2 | 26.7 | 26.4 | 25.8 | 1.84 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.16 | |
| 18 d | 21.4 | 25.3 | 24.7 | 28.7 | 26.5 | 2.75 | 0.48 | 0.33 | 0.20 | |
| 21 d | 22.2 | 28.5 | 26.3 | 25.8 | 26.2 | 2.13 | 0.42 | 0.27 | 0.15 | |
| 28 d | 22.0 | 24.5 | 25.2 | 25.1 | 24.6 | 1.94 | 0.79 | 0.29 | 0.56 | |
| Pre-weaning | 22.5 | 25.9 | 26.0 | 25.6 | 26.0 | 2.04 | 0.18 | 0.57 | 0.11 | 0.47 |
| Post-weaning | 21.1 | 25.6 | 25.7 | 26.5 | 25.8 | 1.88 | <0.01 | 0.62 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Overall | 21.7 | 25.7 | 25.8 | 26.1 | 25.9 | 0.66 | <0.01 | 0.23 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| GSH-Px, U/mL | ||||||||||
| 0 d | 60.3 | 60.9 | 61.1 | 63.0 | 61.8 | 5.03 | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.84 | |
| 7 d | 87.1 | 116.2 | 112.0 | 110.2 | 109.4 | 6.20 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 | |
| 14 d | 59.5 | 87.7 | 85.7 | 83.8 | 85.0 | 6.50 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
| 16 d | 47.4 | 60.3 | 61.1 | 52.6 | 53.4 | 3.26 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
| 18 d | 51.4 | 64.4 | 67.7 | 63.0 | 58.1 | 8.28 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.02 | |
| 21 d | 55.8 | 66.7 | 71.6 | 67.4 | 64.5 | 7.48 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.08 | |
| 28 d | 60.3 | 73.1 | 76.2 | 69.4 | 69.4 | 12.06 | 0.93 | 0.43 | 0.80 | |
| Pre-weaning | 69.0 | 88.3 | 86.3 | 85.7 | 85.4 | 4.64 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Post-weaning | 53.7 | 66.1 | 69.2 | 63.1 | 61.4 | 7.52 | <0.01 | 0.82 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Overall | 60.3 | 75.6 | 76.5 | 72.8 | 71.7 | 2.87 | <0.01 | 0.23 | <0.01 | 0.05 |
| SOD, U/mL | ||||||||||
| 0 d | 73.2 | 74.6 | 79.1 | 75.9 | 77.0 | 2.57 | 0.60 | 0.22 | 0.81 | |
| 7 d | 85.1 | 84.7 | 83.1 | 82.0 | 80.1 | 1.92 | 0.77 | 0.83 | 0.68 | |
| 14 d | 85.4 | 86.4 | 87.0 | 90.0 | 86.6 | 2.56 | 0.78 | 0.44 | 0.63 | |
| 16 d | 89.0 | 93.8 | 91.6 | 93.0 | 93.1 | 1.64 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.05 | |
| 18 d | 85.2 | 90.3 | 91.9 | 92.4 | 90.6 | 3.92 | 0.73 | 0.24 | 0.53 | |
| 21 d | 88.1 | 91.3 | 91.6 | 93.5 | 90.9 | 2.05 | 0.51 | 0.16 | 0.34 | |
| 28 d | 80.3 | 82.1 | 81.5 | 83.9 | 82.3 | 4.75 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 0.71 | |
| Pre-weaning | 81.2 | 81.9 | 83.1 | 82.6 | 81.2 | 2.04 | 0.95 | 0.91 | 0.84 | 0.54 |
| Post-weaning | 85.7 | 89.4 | 89.2 | 90.7 | 89.2 | 3.16 | 0.76 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0.52 |
| Overall | 83.8 | 86.2 | 86.5 | 87.2 | 85.8 | 1.27 | 0.42 | 0.66 | 0.13 | 0.33 |
| CAT, U/mL | ||||||||||
| 0 d | 28.7 | 31.9 | 31.0 | 29.1 | 32.3 | 1.67 | 0.42 | 0.80 | 0.36 | |
| 7 d | 32.1 | 33.3 | 34.6 | 32.3 | 37.1 | 2.68 | 0.63 | 0.98 | 0.80 | |
| 14 d | 35.1 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 35.2 | 38.1 | 1.70 | 0.69 | 0.66 | 0.63 | |
| 16 d | 35.3 | 37.4 | 38.6 | 38.9 | 34.6 | 1.01 | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.04 | |
| 18 d | 36.8 | 38.9 | 38.3 | 38.4 | 37.8 | 1.03 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.03 | |
| 21 d | 41.2 | 42.9 | 44.4 | 44.9 | 44.0 | 1.37 | 0.37 | 0.11 | 0.52 | |
| 28 d | 43.4 | 44.3 | 46.0 | 49.4 | 44.9 | 2.31 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.63 | |
| Pre-weaning | 32.0 | 33.5 | 33.6 | 32.2 | 35.8 | 1.93 | 0.64 | 0.88 | 0.48 | 0.79 |
| Post-weaning | 39.2 | 40.9 | 41.8 | 42.9 | 40.3 | 0.81 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.17 | 0.12 |
| Overall | 36.1 | 37.7 | 38.3 | 38.3 | 38.4 | 0.71 | 0.19 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.53 |
| MAD, nmol/mL | ||||||||||
| 0 d | 2.97 | 2.95 | 3.03 | 3.00 | 2.85 | 0.13 | 0.88 | 0.52 | 0.59 | |
| 7 d | 3.17 | 3.27 | 3.19 | 3.26 | 3.20 | 0.05 | 0.49 | 0.56 | 0.11 | |
| 14 d | 3.18 | 3.19 | 3.22 | 3.20 | 3.20 | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.51 | 0.98 | |
| 16 d | 3.51 | 3.37 | 3.29 | 3.43 | 3.51 | 0.09 | 0.32 | 0.66 | 0.06 | |
| 18 d | 3.41 | 3.28 | 3.24 | 3.32 | 3.27 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.57 | 0.04 | |
| 21 d | 3.15 | 3.20 | 3.18 | 3.14 | 3.17 | 0.03 | 0.67 | 0.84 | 0.60 | |
| 28 d | 3.12 | 3.14 | 3.16 | 3.15 | 3.14 | 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.16 | 0.75 | |
| Pre-weaning | 3.11 | 3.14 | 3.15 | 3.15 | 3.08 | 0.04 | 0.66 | 0.93 | 0.58 | 0.65 |
| Post-weaning | 3.30 | 3.25 | 3.22 | 3.26 | 3.27 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.94 | 0.49 | 0.13 |
| Overall | 3.22 | 3.20 | 3.19 | 3.21 | 3.19 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.98 | 0.13 | 0.43 |
T-AOC, total oxidative capacity; GSH–Px, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; MDA, malonaldehyde, T, treatment; D, day.