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. 2022 Mar 21;11(3):479. doi: 10.3390/biology11030479

Table 3.

ROBINS-I.

Study Bias Due to Confounding Bias in Selection of Participants into the Study Bias in Classification/
Measurement of Intervention
Bias Due to Deviations from Intended Interventions Bias Because of Missing Data Bias in Measurement of Outcomes Bias in Selection of the Reported Result Overall
Allen et al., 2018 [14] Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Low Low Moderate
Munukka et al., 2018 [32] Low Moderate Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate
Morita et al., 2019 [33] Low Low Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Low Moderate
Rettedal et al., 2020 [34] Low Low Low Low Low Low Low Low
Bycura et al., 2021 [35] Low Low Low Moderate Moderate Low Low Moderate