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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 27.
Published in final edited form as: Biostat Epidemiol. 2021 Sep 27;5(2):267–286. doi: 10.1080/24709360.2021.1975255

Table 1.

Power and medical costs using AWA, Accuracy or AUC in comparing a diagnostic test (Dx) and the best random test (BRT). The biomarker values from the diagnostic test in the infected population are distributed as N(μ1=0.5,σ1=1).

Method Sample Size (N) Relative Importance (r) Prevalence Range (p) Prevalence (median) Biomarker (μ1) Threshold (cut-off) Sensitivity (Dx) Specificity (Dx) AWA, Accuracy or AUC (Dx) SD (Dx) Sensitivity (BRT) Specificity (BRT) AWA, Accuracy or AUC (BRT) Power Medical Cost (Dx) Medical Cost (BRT)
AWA 500 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 2.517 0.022 0.994 0.757 0.0064 0 1 0.756 0.0651 37.36875 37.5
500 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 1 1.633 0.263 0.949 0.782 0.0192 0 1 0.756 0.375 33.534375 37.5
500 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 0.33 0.568 0.629 0.599 0.0272 0 1 0.51 0.948 80.3 100
500 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 1 0.54 0.677 0.705 0.692 0.0257 0 1 0.51 1 61.8 100
500 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 0.702 0.42 0.759 0.608 0.0374 0 1 0.608 0.4 32.89625 37.5
500 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 1 0.726 0.608 0.766 0.696 0.037 0 1 0.556 0.983 25.5225 37.5
500 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 −1.442 0.974 0.075 0.704 0.0118 1 0 0.7 0.0982 39.6 40
500 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 1 −0.346 0.911 0.365 0.747 0.0212 1 0 0.7 0.718 34.3 40
1000 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 2.517 0.022 0.994 0.757 0.0045 0 1 0.756 0.0723 74.7375 75
1000 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 1 1.633 0.263 0.949 0.782 0.0135 0 1 0.756 0.591 67.06875 75
1000 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 0.33 0.568 0.629 0.599 0.0192 0 1 0.51 0.998 160.6 200
1000 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 1 0.54 0.677 0.705 0.692 0.0182 0 1 0.51 1 123.6 200
1000 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 0.702 0.42 0.759 0.608 0.0265 0 1 0.556 0.627 65.7925 75
1000 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 1 0.726 0.608 0.766 0.696 0.0262 0 1 0.556 1 51.045 75
1000 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 −1.442 0.974 0.075 0.704 0.0084 1 0 0.7 0.126 79.2 80
1000 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 1 −0.346 0.911 0.365 0.747 0.015 1 0 0.7 0.933 68.6 80
Accuracy 500 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 3 0.0062 0.999 0.924 0.0003 1 0 0.075 1 36.760625 115.625
500 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 1 3 0.0228 0.999 0.925 0.0024 1 0 0.075 1 37.383125 115.625
500 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 3 0.0062 0.999 0.8 0.0022 1 0 0.2 1 99.48 100
500 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 1 1.886 0.1877 0.97 0.814 0.0103 1 0 0.2 1 84.23 100
500 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 3 0.006 0.999 0.924 0.0018 1 0 0.075 1 37.32125 46.25
500 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 1 3 0.0228 0.999 0.925 0.0024 1 0 0.075 1 36.69125 46.25
500 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 3 0.0062 0.999 0.8 0.0022 1 0 0.2 1 99.42 40
500 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 1 1.886 0.1877 0.97 0.814 0.0103 1 0 0.2 1 82.43 40
1000 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 3 0.0062 0.999 0.924 0.0013 1 0 0.075 1 74.76625 231.25
1000 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 1 3 0.0228 0.999 0.925 0.0017 1 0 0.075 1 73.52125 231.25
1000 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 3 0.0062 0.999 0.8 0.0015 1 0 0.2 1 198.96 200
1000 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 1 1.886 0.1877 0.97 0.814 0.0073 1 0 0.2 1 168.46 200
1000 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 3 0.0228 0.999 0.925 0.0017 1 0 0.0017 1 73.3825 92.5
1000 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 1 3 0.0228 0.999 0.924 0.0017 1 0 0.0017 1 73.3825 92.5
1000 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 3 0.0062 0.999 0.8 0.0015 1 0 0.2 1 198.84 80
1000 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 1 1.886 0.1877 0.97 0.814 0.0073 1 0 0.2 1 164.86 80
AUC 500 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 0.638 0.0466 0.5 0.906
500 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 1 0.76 0.0401 0.5 1
500 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 0.638 0.0307 0.5 0.998
500 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 1 0.76 0.0264 0.5 1
500 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 0.638 0.0466 0.5 0.906
500 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 1 0.76 0.0401 0.5 1
500 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 0.638 0.0307 0.5 0.998
500 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 1 0.76 0.0264 0.5 1
1000 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 0.638 0.033 0.5 0.994
1000 0.25 5%−10% 0.075 1 0.76 0.0284 0.5 1
1000 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 0.638 0.0217 0.5 1
1000 0.25 10%−30% 0.2 1 0.76 0.0187 0.5 1
1000 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 0.5 0.638 0.033 0.5 0.994
1000 0.1 5%−10% 0.075 1 0.76 0.0284 0.5 1
1000 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 0.5 0.638 0.0217 0.5 1
1000 0.1 10%−30% 0.2 1 0.76 0.0187 0.5 1