Table 2.

Power and medical costs using AWA, Accuracy or AUC in comparing two diagnostic tests in two independent samples. The biomarker values from the two diagnostic tests in the infected population are distributed as N(μ₁=0.6,σ₁=1) and N(μ₂=0.5,σ₂=0.5), respectively.

Method	Sample Size (N1, N2=500)	Relative Importance (r)	Prevalence Range (p)	Prevalence rate	Threshold (Dx1)	Sensitivity (Dx1)	Specificity (Dx1)	AWA, Accuracy or AUC (Dx1)	SD (Dx1)	Threshold (Dx2)	Sensitivity (Dx2)	Specificity (Dx2)	AWA, Accuracy or AUC (Dx2)	SD (Dx2)	SD (Dx1-Dx2)	Power	Medical Cost (Dx1)	Medical Cost (Dx2)
AWA	500	0.25	5%−10%	0.075	2.189	0.056	0.986	0.759	0.01	0.817	0.263	0.949	0.782	0.0192	0.0216	0.274	37.01875	33.534375
	500	0.25	10%−30%	0.200	0.366	0.592	0.643	0.618	0.027	0.27	0.677	0.705	0.692	0.0257	0.0373	0.628	76.5	61.8
	500	0.1	5%−10%	0.075	0.677	0.469	0.751	0.626	0.0378	0.363	0.608	0.766	0.696	0.037	0.053	0.374	31.42875	25.5225
	500	0.1	10%−30%	0.200	−1.11	0.956	0.134	0.709	0.0152	−0.173	0.911	0.365	0.747	0.0212	0.0261	0.419	39.04	34.3
	1000	0.25	5%−10%	0.075	2.189	0.056	0.986	0.759	0.0071	0.817	0.263	0.949	0.782	0.0192	0.0204	0.294	74.0375	67.06875
	1000	0.25	10%−30%	0.200	0.366	0.592	0.643	0.618	0.0191	0.27	0.677	0.705	0.692	0.0257	0.032	0.742	153	123.6
	1000	0.1	5%−10%	0.075	0.677	0.469	0.751	0.626	0.0268	0.363	0.608	0.766	0.696	0.037	0.0457	0.455	62.8575	51.045
	1000	0.1	10%−30%	0.200	−1.11	0.956	0.134	0.709	0.0107	−0.173	0.911	0.365	0.747	0.0212	0.0238	0.474	78.08	68.6
Accuracy	500	0.25	5%−10%	0.075	3	0.008	0.999	0.924	0.0019	1.506	0.022	0.999	0.925	0.0024	0.003	0.0989	37.315625	36.790625
	500	0.25	10%−30%	0.200	2.61	0.022	0.995	0.801	0.004	0.943	0.188	0.97	0.814	0.0103	0.011	0.319	98.3	84.2
	500	0.1	5%−10%	0.075	3	0.008	0.999	0.924	0.0019	1.506	0.022	0.999	0.925	0.0024	0.003	0.0989	37.24625	36.72125
	500	0.1	10%−30%	0.200	2.61	0.022	0.995	0.801	0.004	0.943	0.188	0.97	0.814	0.0103	0.011	0.319	98	82.4
	1000	0.25	5%−10%	0.075	3	0.008	0.999	0.924	0.0014	1.506	0.022	0.999	0.925	0.0024	0.003	0.106	74.63125	73.58125
	1000	0.25	10%−30%	0.200	2.61	0.022	0.995	0.801	0.0028	0.943	0.188	0.97	0.814	0.0103	0.011	0.334	196.6	168.4
	1000	0.1	5%−10%	0.075	3	0.008	0.999	0.924	0.0014	1.506	0.022	0.999	0.925	0.0024	0.003	0.106	74.4925	73.4425
	1000	0.1	10%−30%	0.200	2.61	0.022	0.995	0.801	0.0028	0.943	0.188	0.97	0.814	0.0103	0.011	0.334	196	164.8
AUC	500	0.25	5%−10%	0.075				0.638					0.76		0.0608	0.474	153.125	153.125
	500	0.25	10%−30%	0.200				0.664					0.76		0.04	0.774	200	200
	500	0.1	5%−10%	0.075				0.664					0.76		0.0608	0.474	83.75	83.75
	500	0.1	10%−30%	0.200				0.664					0.76		0.04	0.774	140	140
	1000	0.25	5%−10%	0.075				0.664					0.76		0.0515	0.586	306.25	306.25
	1000	0.25	10%−30%	0.200				0.664					0.76		0.0339	0.882	400	400
	1000	0.1	5%−10%	0.075				0.664					0.76		0.0515	0.586	167.5	167.5
	1000	0.1	10%−30%	0.200				0.664					0.76		0.0339	0.882	280	280

^*The cost of a false negative is defined as 1, and the cost of a false positive is assumed to be r.