ALDH2	aldehyde dehydrogenase
AMP	adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
ANGII	angiotensin II
AO	antioxidant
AOx	vitamin C, vitamin E, α-lipoic acid (antioxidants)
AT1R	angiotensin II receptor
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
BH4	dihydrobiopterin-4
BNIP3	mitochondrial mitophagy marker
BNP	brain natriuretic peptide
Bax	bcl-2-like protein 4
CAT	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
CHF–	chronic heart failure
CI	ETC complex I
CIII	ETC complex III
CK	creatine kinase
CRP–	C-reactive protein
Cluh	clustered mitochondria protein homolog
CoenzymeQ-10–	ubiquinone
DM–	diabetes mellitus
DROM	reactive oxidative metabolites
DRP1	dynamin related protein1
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ERK1/2	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
ETC	electron transport chain
GTP	guanosine triphosphate
GMP	guanosine monophosphate
GPX	glutathione peroxidase
GSH	glutathione
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
HF	heart failure
HFpEF	heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF	heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
HNO	nytroxyl
HSC	hematopoietic stem cells
IDH	isocitrate dehydrogenase
IDH2	isocitrate dehydrogenase
IL-10	interleukin-10
IL-6	interleukin-6
IMM	inner mitochondrial membrane
IRE1α	inositol-requiring protein 1α
ISDN	isosorbide dinitrate
JNK-c	Jun N-terminal kinase
KFP	Kaempherol
LA	left atrium
LKB1	liver kinase B1
LPHs	lipid hydroperoxide
LV	left ventricle
LVEDV	left ventricle end-diastolic volume
LVESV	left ventricle end-systolic volume
LVH	left ventricular hypertrophy
LVID	left ventricular internal dimension
MAO	monoamine oxidase
MAO-A	monoamine oxidase A
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCU	mitochondrial calcium uniporter
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinase
NAPDH-	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NFκB	nuclear factor kappa-B
NHE-1	Na+/Ca2+ exchanger
NO	nitric oxide
NO-2	plasma nitrite
NOS	nitric oxide synthase
NOX	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
NP	natriuretic peptide
NT-proBNP	N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide
NYHA-	New York Heart Association
OMM	outer mitochondrial membrane
ONOO−	peroxynitrite
OPA1	optic atrophy 1
P38	a focal point of interactions of the serine/threonine kinases
PDE	phosphodiesterases
PKA	protein kinase A
PKB	protein kinase B
PKC	protein kinase C
PKG	protein kinase G
PKS	protein kinase S
PRR	pathogen recognition receptor
PRX	peroxiredoxin
RAAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
ROS	reactive oxygen species
Rac-1	GTP-binding protein
SGLT2	sodium-glucose cotransporter
SIRT	NAD+ dependent class III histone deacetylases
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TGFβ	tumor growth factor β
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-α
TPP	triphenylphosphonium cation
TXNIP	thioredoxin-interacting protein
UCP2	uncoupling protein 2
VDAC1	voltage-dependent anion channel 1
XBP1s	X-box-binding protein1
XO	xanthine oxidase
XOR	xanthine oxidoreductase
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
hs-CRP	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
nNOS	neuronal nitric oxide synthase
pGC	particulate guanylyl cyclase
sGC	soluble guanylate cyclase
β-OX	beta-oxidation