Figure 5.

Squalene loaded PLGA NPs increased viability against oxidative stress. MTT was applied to evaluate the cell viability. (A) Normal mouse AML12 cells (AML12 wild-type (WT)) were exposed to 30 µM PLGA based squalene NPs for 72 h had a significant increase in viability in presence of 20, 25 and 30 mM of H₂O₂, and (B) TXNDC5-deficient mouse hepatocyte cells (AML12 knockout (KO)) displayed a similar increment in viability. (C) Statistically, a significant difference of 16% and 21% was observed on average in viability enhancement of WT and KO cell lines, respectively, related to respective control in 20, 25 and 30 mM of H₂O₂. (D) TXNDC5 deletion can drastically lower the viability of the mouse hepatocyte in the absence of squalene at all concentrations tested; however, when the cells were treated with squalene, the viability of both cell lines increased. Although (D3) there were no significant differences between WT and KO cells at 30 mM H₂O₂, (D1,D2) a statistical difference was seen in samples treated with squalene loaded in PLGA nanoparticles in presence of 20 and 25 mM H₂O₂. Statistical analysis was carried out according to two-way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney’s U-test for pairwise comparisons; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.