Table 2.
Pre- and post-intervention data for hemodynamic parameters with the main analysis of covariance results and deltas.
| Variables | Groups | Pre-Test | Post-Test | Cohen’s d (95% CI) | p-Value | Pre-Post Deltas, Δ | p Value (Mann–Whitney U) ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP, mm Hg | IHHT | 150.1 ± 17.9 * p = 0.02 | 132.5 ± 12.9 * p = 0.01 | 1.15 (0.64, 1.67) | <0.001 | −17.6 ± 17.4 | <0.001 |
| Sham | 140.7 ± 14.8 | 141.7 ± 14.0 | −0.06 (−0.55, 0.42) | 0.979 | 1.0 ± 9.5 | ||
| DBP, mm Hg | IHHT | 93.6 ± 10.7 * p = 0.03 | 85.2 ± 10.6 * p = 0.02 | 0.76 (0.26, 1.26) | <0.001 | −8.4 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Sham | 88.7 ± 9.1 | 90.1 ± 12.8 | −0.12 (−0.61, 0.36) | 0.830 | 1.4 ± 9.7 | ||
| HR, bpm | IHHE | 71.6 ± 14.1 | 65.6 ± 12.9 | 0.46 (−0.03, 0.96) | 0.255 | −6.1 ± 7.5 | <0.001 |
| Sham | 68.6 ± 12.9 | 68.7 ± 11.7 | −0.01 (−0.49, 0.48) | 0.999 | 0.1 ± 10.3 | ||
| RCAVI | IHHT | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.3 * p = 0.02 | 0.34 (−0.15, 0.84) | 0.516 | −0.5 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Sham | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.4 | −0.15 (−0.63, 0.34) | 0.932 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | ||
| LCAVI | IHHT | 7.8 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 1.3 * p = 0.02 | 0.35 (−0.15, 0.85) | 0.503 | −0.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Sham | 8.0 ± 1.5 | 8.2 ± 1.3 | −0.12 (−0.6, 0.37) | 0.964 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | ||
| RABI | IHHT | 1.11 ± 0.08 | 1.1 ± 0.03 | 0.19 (−0.30, 0.69) | 0.998 | −0.01 ± 0.07 | 0.023 |
| Sham | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.04 (−0.65, 0.33) | 0.865 | −0.0 ± 0.07 | ||
| LABI | IHHT | 1.13 ± 0.07 | 1.1 ± 0.06 | −0.11 (−0.60, 0.37) | 0.961 | −0.03 ± 0.08 | 0.090 |
| Sham | 1.12 ± 0.1 | 1.12 ± 0.07 | 0.33 (−0.16, 0.83) | 0.547 | 0.01 ± 0.08 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD. * significant difference between the groups at the same study time (Mann–Whitney U), ** significant difference in pre-post changes (deltas) between the groups.